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“百万英语阅读计划”成功要诀 “百万英语阅读计划”(Million-Word ReadingProject,缩略为MWRP),目标是从比较简单的英语读物开始,循序渐进地开展阅读,逐渐提高文章的难度,增加阅读量,根据个人的进度,在2年左右,使阅读量达到100万字。这样的阅读,学生开展起来轻松愉快,英语阅读技能和应用水平在不知不觉中得到了提高。通过“百万英语阅读计划”开展英语阅读,学习英语不再靠意志,而是将英语学习变成了兴趣,而如何保持长久的兴趣则是本计划实施过程中面临的问题。 一. 成功是成功之母 一谈到英语学习,许多人马上想到的就是“刻苦”、“勤奋”、“毅力”等一类的字眼,这让人产生一种错觉,似乎学习英语高不可攀,需要“头悬梁,锥刺骨”似的。造成这种情况的原因在于没有找到学习英语的捷径,所以只好“在崎岖小路”上“不畏艰辛劳苦”地攀登。许多人仍然陶醉于这种“失败教育”,实际上,这是造成英语学习“费时多,收效少”的主要原因。其实,英语学习的方法很多,除了“悬崖峭壁”,更有“坦途”,而“百万英语阅读计划”就是其中的一条。这种英语阅读方案就是通向顶峰的“盘山公路”,从比较简单的读物开始阅读,一开始就接受“成功教育”,体验学习英语的乐趣,享受“成就感”,为以后的学习树立信心,让千百个小的成功堆积成巨大的、辉煌的成功。 二. 长、中、短期目标 目标是行动的原动力,所以制定目标是成功的第一步。目标分为三种:长期目标、中期目标和短期目标。 长期目标 英语学习者可以根据自己的实际情况制定一个长期目标,这个目标应该比自己现在感觉能够实现的程度稍高一些,例如可以是在3~5年内达到能够阅读英文原著的水平。 中期目标 “百万英语阅读计划”主要是通过阅读达到英语能力的提升,所以“百万英语阅读计划”应该作为学习者实现长期目标的台阶,将完成“百万英语阅读计划”作为中期目标。100万字阅读量约相当于目前我过中学英语课程标准规定的初、高中学生最低课外阅读量的2倍。由此看来,“百万英语阅读计划”的阅读目标对于中等英语水平的学习者来说并不是高不可攀的。每个人可以根据自己的条件安排实施计划。 如果在班内老师集体制定一个计划,个人最好服从这一计划,步调一致,各方面会更方便一些。 短期目标 短期目标应该是一年或一学期的目标,也可以是一个月的目标,甚至是一周的目标。短期目标是中、长期目标的分解。 目标分解 目标分解就是将中长期目标分解成中短期目标,或将短期目标分解成近期目标或每天的目标。例如,如果要在2年的时间内阅读量达到100万字,那么分解在每周则是约1万字,每天约1500字,折合成32开页码相当于7-8页。这样一算,看似比较庞大的阅读量,每天抽出约15分钟左右的时间就可以实现。 从上面的分析看来,“百万英语阅读计划”成功的关键就在于是否每天坚持进行约15分钟的阅读。 三. 目标视觉化 目标的视觉化要求一方面要将自己的目标制订出来,另一方面,要将目标放在自己每天都能够看到的地方,比如贴在墙上、课桌上等自己很容易看到的地方,这样可以经常提醒自己。四. 阅读日志 将自己每天阅读的内容记录下来也非常重要。一方面可以了解自己的进度;另一方面也是作为对自己的提醒。学习者可以将每日的阅读进度通过图表的形式记录下来。 老师可以根据你个***志了解你的阅读情况,并且有针对性地提出建议。另外,如果是集体开展阅读活动,课代表可以统计每个人每周的阅读量,排名公布,这样同学之间能够互相了解,相互促进。五. 集体课堂阅读 如果学习者比较幸运,由老师带领,集体参加“百万英语阅读计划”,则成功的可能性更大。 开展“百万英语阅读计划”的前提是老师和学生转变英语学习的“传统”观念。老师应该抛弃“满堂灌”和“题海战术”等陈旧的方法,舍得拿出时间让学生阅读。如果老师嘴上大喊“阅读”的重要性,而同时又将大量的作业压给学生,那么再强调英语阅读的重要性也就成了“美丽的谎言”。除了学生的课外阅读外,老师应该每周拿出至少两节课的时间集体阅读。每周的集体阅读能够对学生产生“提醒”作用,有助于学生阅读计划的顺利实施。 六. 阅读测试 如果集体开展阅读,定期针对所阅读的内容进行阅读测试也是督促学生阅读的好办法。可以将读物中出现的原句改编成单项填空,这样同时有利于学生对相关句子的巩固,也可以针对学生读过的文章设计阅读理解题。阅读既是语言输入的过程,又是语言实践过程,阅读成功的关键就是读下去。如果不实际阅读,看再多的关于阅读技巧的文章都无济于事。就好像你没法在岸上学好游泳,没法在课堂学会开车一样。所以,阅读成功的关键有三条:第一,读;第二,读;第三,继续读! 祝您阅读愉快!发布于 2017-10-02
中学英语开展困难的原因分析 阅读是中高考最重要的内容,同时阅读又是增加语言输入,提高英语成绩的最有效方式,但是现实情况是,在全国,绝大多数学校并没有重视开展阅读教学。所进行的“阅读”也仅仅局限于教科书的几篇课文以及海量的模拟题了。在许多学生甚至老师看来,“阅读”就等于“模拟题”。难怪有那么多的人感叹阅读困难。 真正的阅读同模拟题的区别在于: 1)阅读是为了学习提高的;模拟题则是考查的。 2)阅读应该是系统的、循序渐进的;拟题是随意的。 3)阅读能让你感到愉快;模拟题使你饱受折磨。 4)阅读使你自信;模拟题使你怀疑自己。 英语首先是一门语言,是一门工具,那么学习英语就应该体会到语言带来的乐趣。学生应该利用这种工具去接受信息,给他们带来知识,带来欢乐。但是,现在的情况是,在大部分学校,除班级内的尖子学生外,大部分学生都对英语愁眉苦脸,谈到英语,都有一种“苦大仇深”的感觉,“乐趣”更是无从谈起。改变这种状况,提高英语学习效率的最佳出路就是开展阅读。 阅读难以开展的原因,分析起来,有以下几种: 1. 应试教育作梗 一提高阅读,许多老师的第一反应便是:开展阅读确实好,但是高考成绩怎么办?似乎开展阅读和提高高考成绩相矛盾。但是有些人并没有意识到,开展阅读是提高英语成绩的最有效的方式。要想解决高考中的阅读问题,最根本的是进行大量的阅读,提高整体实力。 高考考什么,就训练什么,这只是“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,难以达到理想的效果。没有输入,就没有输出。《英语课程标准》对高中英语阅读的要求是:高中阶段的八级目标要求除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到36万字以上。这样规定是有道理的。没有大量的阅读,英语学习就没有后劲,成绩就难以有所突破。 这种思维还造成另外一种普遍现象:在许多学校,老师们也“知道”开展阅读对提高英语成绩有好处,于是便和学生强调要进行课外阅读,但同时,又给学生布置大量的作业,让学生根本没有时间进行阅读,难以体会到阅读带来的乐趣和效果。这样,开展阅读也就成了一句美丽的谎言。说到底,还是老师对阅读的重要性认识不够,将阅读作为补充,而将“常规”教学作为保底的手段。2. 教育体制问题 一些教育主管部门和学校管理层开展所谓的“教学常规”检查,其中的指标就是老师的备课本和学生的作业本。有的领导认为老师没把备课本写的黑黑一片就是没有备课,学生没有一本本的划着“红杠杠”的作业就是老师没有出力。 当然这也有教师方面的原因。面对上层的“常规”要求,有的老师表现得“底气不足”,不敢肯定地表白阅读在英语学习中的重要性。有的老师认为一些学生没有作业就不学习了,好象只有书面作业才是作业,而阅读就不算作业似的。所以说,给主管部门造成了错觉(英语需要大量的刷题)的,恰恰是英语老师自己。随着教学手段和观念的改进,老师备课不能仅仅局限于“备课本”而学生的作业也不能仅局限于“作业本”。老师天天写那么多的“备课”,上哪有时间去为学生准备阅读材料?布置那么多的作业,学生哪有时间开展阅读呢? 3. 教师自身认识的问题 不可否认,对于阅读教学的好处,许多教师自己也没有认识到。在有些教师看来,开展阅读是浪费时间,难以在短期内提高学生成绩,要想见效快,还是靠“语法”和“练习”。他们没有认识到阅读对于提高学生学习兴趣,进而提高英语学习成绩所起的巨大作用。 坦率地讲,许多老师是在恢复高考后,在“题海战术”下培养出来的大学生。他们从自己的老师那里学来的方法,又要传授给自己的学生了。这样师徒相传,就好象那样学英语才是“正宗”似的。这种“方法”已经形成了一个强大的“势力”,非常难以突破,并且没有多少人有勇气去突破。笔者自己在某学校推行英语阅读教学时,每周抽出两节专门的阅读课,自己编印教程,一节课学生自读,一节课讲解,学生们非常欢迎,收效也非常明显,但是一些老师就表现得非常被动,给人一种应付的感觉。有的老师,给他准备的材料都不好好利用,不是让学生在阅读课阅读,而是将本来应该用于阅读的课讲语法,做练习,让学生课下自己读。由于老师自己都不重视,学生当然也不重视。有极个别的老师甚至将印刷好的阅读材料不是发给学生,而是用袋子装回家,当废纸卖掉了。由于他们没有认真开展阅读,所以根本体会不到阅读所带来的好处,反过来说开展阅读是浪费时间,就更不进行阅读,陷入这样一种怪圈。反而,那些真正认真开展的老师,自己备课、上课非常轻松,学生非常愿意学习英语,有的甚至在其他课上都偷偷摸摸地阅读英语小说等,成绩提高非常快。 4. 阅读材料的原因 英语阅读教学难以开展,还有一个重要的原因就是阅读教程的缺乏。让任课教师在教学任务繁重的情况下自己整理材料供学生阅读实在是勉为其难。 而现在图书市场上,英语教辅图书多数都是同步辅导、模拟训练一类,阅读教程非常少,仅有的几种阅读教程往往被淹没在同步辅导类图书的“大海”中,不被注意。 目前国内已经出版了几种非常好的英语阅读教程,但是由于宣传力度不够,造成了有教材卖不出,需要教材又买不到的局面。 开明出版社出版的《初中英语拓展阅读》(现更名为《初中英语阅读教程》(上下册)在百度阅读发布电子版)和《高中英语拓展阅读》(现更名为《高中英语阅读教程》(三册)在百度阅读发布电子版)就是一套非常系统的阅读教程,既适合集体课堂使用,又适合学生自主学习使用,但是由于宣传不够,许多老师和学生都不知道。 东北大学出版社的《高中英语阅读教程》每年级分上下册(现更名为《新课标高中英语渐进读本》在百度阅读发布电子版),独成体系,也同样适合课堂使用,但是发行范围目前只局限在本省内,没能发挥该套教材应有的效力。 另外,百度阅读发布了英汉对照“百万英语阅读计划”中级英语读物,全系列三辑(以后陆续添加)40多本,每一本都有文章的字数、可读性(难度)、生词率等信息,总共提供100万余字的阅读内容,适合初中以上水平读者阅读,是国家课程标准对初高中阶段课外阅读量要求的2倍,但由于采用电子版,不适合在校学生阅读,因为多数学校禁止学生带手机或平板的。建议教育主管部门积极发现,向学校推荐优秀的阅读教程,为一线师生服务。 结束语 一位资深英语教师说道: 如果一个人开始学习英语时, ①有人告诉他进行英语阅读的重要性; ②能找到适当的材料; ③最重要的是,能够坚持读下去, 那么他是有福气的。因为他英语学习会很轻松,并且成绩会非常好。 中国学生离“福气”还差多远呢?看来并不令人乐观。还需教育主管部门、教学研究部门、学校、教师和出版部分的共同努力才能实现。
“40篇短文搞定高考英语3500单词”,您被忽悠了吗? 阅读提示 这是一个“忽悠”的时代,网络上到处都是标题党(我也是?)。正统严肃的东西没人看,虚假的东西全网追,写个文章,标题不加“火了”、“疯传”、“竟然是”、“不读你就亏大了”,就没有人关注,但是总是有人“傻傻地相信”呢(借用标题党的用语)…… 不知具体从什么时候开始,网上在疯传《40篇短文搞定高考英语3500单词》的文档,并且带有音频。到网上搜一搜,便知道疯狂到什么程度。 有的网站上声称有十几万人收藏了本文,而且许多论坛都在讨论,许多考生都跃跃欲试,似乎背下来这40篇短文,高考3500单词就能全部搞定。暑假在家闲着没事,便较真了一回,看看这40篇短文到底是什么货色。于是在网上很容易地下载了。用word的统计了一下,40篇短文的字数为7652字。如果7000多字的短文能够涵盖3500单词,那么文章的设计一定是非常巧妙,把3500单词编排成有意义的7000多单词,那一定不是一般人能做得到的。姑且把这看成是真的,那么这些单词的平均复现率仅仅为2.18,而且多数单词只出现一次,如此低的复现率怎么容易记忆? 如果这些单词不是通过别的方式记住的话,如此高的生词率,学生怎么有可能背下来呢? 看看每篇文章的标题,发现多数不过是介绍风土人情等的说明文,并没有什么特别的,似乎并不是为了涵盖3500单词而专门编写的。 好在现在各种软件都有,可以非常容易地统计词汇,那么我们看看这40篇短文究竟包含了多少单词。 统计的软件是国外非常有名的WORDSMITH,是专门用来统计单词表和单词频率的。 这是统计结果是表头部分,单词按照出现的次数(Freq)和占比(%)排序。表尾显示的结果是这样的:也就是说:这40篇文章是用2773单词写成的,其中包括人名地名、超纲词和单词的不同形式。 再看看其中包含的词条数。 表头是这样的,说明一个单词的不同形式统计为一个单词:表尾是这样的,红线以上是有效的词条数,红线以下的单词包含在以上的词条中。我们看到,这40篇短文的词条数为2475(包括人名地名、超纲词等)。就是说,这40篇短文包含的词汇仅仅涵盖了高考要求的3500单词的70%。 看看这些真实的数据,还用说别的吗?网络上这种骗人的东西难道还少吗?
伊妮德·布莱顿(Enid Blyton)闻名五伙伴和秘密七人团 伊妮德·布莱顿(Enid Blyton)“闻名五伙伴”(The Famous Five)和“秘密七人团”(The Secret Seven)系列出版合作 伊妮德·布莱顿(Enid Blyton 1897~1968)是英国“国宝级”的童书大王;她的书是“哈利·波特”之母J.K.罗琳的启蒙读物;在欧洲,她的书被公认为最让家长放心的课外读物;在全球,她的书被翻译的数量超过安徒生和莎士比亚;而在她已经去世四十多年的今天,她的书每年仍以八百万册的数字热销,总销量超过五亿;2008年,她击败J.K.罗琳、简·奥斯汀、莎士比亚,被评选为“英国人最爱的作家”;据调查,至2010年,全世界平均每60人就有一人拥有她的作品。 “闻名五伙伴”(The Famous Five)和“秘密七人团”(The Secret Seven)是伊妮德·布莱顿两个著名的冒险和侦探系列小说。 “闻名五伙伴”(The Famous Five)共有21本,我们改编翻译了前10本: 1. Five on a Treasure Island (1942) 五伙伴宝岛历险记 2. Five Go Adventuring Again (1943) 五伙伴再历险 3. Five Run Away Together (1944) 五伙伴集体出走 4. Five Go to Smuggler's Top (1945) 五伙伴做客私贩之顶 5. Five Go Off in a Caravan (1946) 五伙伴乘大篷车出游 6. Five on Kirrin Island Again (1947) 五伙伴再登基林岛 7. Five Go Off to Camp (1948) 五伙伴外出露营 8. Five Get into Trouble (1949) 五伙伴惹上麻烦 9. Five Fall into Adventure (1950) 五伙伴遭遇冒险 10. Five on a Hike Together (1951) 五伙伴一起徒步旅行 “秘密七人团”(The Secret Seven)共15本,我们改编翻译了前10本: 1. The Secret Seven (1949) 秘密七人团 2. Secret Seven Adventure (1950) 秘密七历险 3. Well Done Secret Seven (1951) 好样的,秘密七 4. Secret Seven on the Trail (1952) 秘密七在追踪 5. Go Ahead Secret Seven (1953) 前进,秘密七 6. Good Work Secret Seven (1954) 干得好,秘密七 7. Secret Seven Win Through (1955) 秘密七取得胜利 8. Three Cheers Secret Seven (1956) 欢呼三声,秘密七 9. Secret Seven Mystery (1957) 秘密七谜案 10. Puzzle for the Secret Seven (1958) 秘密七的难题 这20册,将加到我们已经发布的“百万英语阅读计划”中级读物中,作为其中的第四、五辑,分别为Famous Five 和 Secret Seven 专辑。 汉语翻译可以单独出版,供少年儿童阅读。 伊妮德·布莱顿2019年在中国将进入公版期,出版其作品将不再需要支付高额的版权费,欢迎出版社|联|系|出|版|合|作|事|宜。 联|系|方|式:Wechat:MW-READ
百万英语阅读计划书单 “百万英语阅读计划”(Million-Word Reading Project,缩略为MWRP),目标是从比较简单的英语读物开始,循序渐进地开展阅读,逐渐提高文章的难度,增加阅读量,根据个人的进度,在2年左右,使阅读量达到100万字。这样的阅读,学生开展起来轻松愉快,英语阅读技能和应用水平在不知不觉中得到了提高。通过“百万英语阅读计划”开展英语阅读,学习英语不再靠意志,而是将英语学习变成了兴趣。 已经发布的图书为: 第一辑 I-1 Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 爱丽斯漫游仙境 I-2 The Naughtiest Girl in the School 学校最淘气的女孩 I-3 Black Beauty 黑骏马 I-4 Jataka Tales 本生经故事选 I-5 Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 I-6 World Famous Stories 世界著名故事选 I-7 The Jungle Book 丛林之书 I-8 The Call of the Wild 原野的呼唤 I-9 Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆•索亚历险记 I-10 Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·费恩历险记 I-11 Five on a Treasure Island 五伙伴宝岛历险记 I-12 The Thirty-Nine Steps 三十九级台阶 I-13 Mary Marie 玛丽·玛丽亚 I-14 Stories of Nasreddin 纳斯雷金的故事 第二辑 II-1 The Bears of Blue River 蓝河上的熊 II-2 The Secret Garden 秘密花园 II-3 Peter Pan 彼得·潘 II-4 The Red House Mystery 红房子谜案 II-5 The Gadfly 牛虻 II-6 The Detective Club 侦探俱乐部 II-7 The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 神奇的奥兹巫师 II-8 Andersen’s Fairy Tales 安徒生童话 II-9 Pollyanna波莉安娜 II-10The Adventures of Pinocchio 木偶奇遇记 II-11The Young Treasure Hunter 少年寻宝记 II-12The Railway Children 铁路边的孩子们 II-13A Doll's House 玩偶之家 II-14Wise Men of Gotham and Other Stories哥谭镇的智者及其他 故事 第三辑 III-1 Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 III-2 Frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦 III-3 Heart---An Italian Schoolboy’s Diary 心——一个意大利小 学生的日记 III-4 Heidi 海蒂 III-5 The Little Prince 小王子 III-6 A Little Princess 小公主 III-7 The Stories of Robin Hood 罗宾汉的故事 III-8 The Adventures of Don Quixote 堂吉诃德 III-9 The Young Adventurer 小冒险家 III-10 Grimm’s Fairy Tales 格林童话选 III-11 Aesop’s Fables 伊索寓言 III-12 Selected English Jokes 英语笑话选 III-13 The Diary of a Young Girl 少女日记(安妮日记)
God Does Help The Mississippi River was flooding its banks and the waters were rising around Clem's house. The waters had gotten to the level of the front porch where Clem was standing. A man in a rowboat came by and called to Clem, "Hop in and I'll take you to high ground." Clem replied, "No, my God will save me!" The river continued to rise to the second story windows and Clem, looking out, saw a powerboat1 come up. The man in the powerboat called to Clem, "Hop in and I'll take you to high ground." Clem replied, "No, my God will save me!" The river had now risen to the roof of the house. Clem was sitting on the ridge2 at the top of the house, with the waters swirling around his feet. He saw a helicopter fly over and the people inside yelled over a bull horn, "Grab the rope and climb in and we'll take you to high ground." Clem replied, "No, my God will save me!" The river continued to rise and finally it engulfed3 the house and Clem was drowned. The next thing he knew, Clem was standing before his God. In anger, he asked God, "I put my trust in you. Why have you forsaken4 me?" And his God replied, "What do you want from me? I sent you a rowboat, a powerboat, and a helicopter!" Notes: 1. powerboat [5paJEbEJt] n.机动船 2. ridge [rIdV] n.屋脊 3. engulf [In5^Qlf] vt.卷入, 吞没 4. forsake [fE5seIk] (forsook; forsaken) vt.放弃, 抛弃 上帝真的帮助 密西西比河水泛滥,冲破堤岸,洪水在克莱姆的房子周围越涨越高。洪水到了克莱姆站着的前门廊的水平,一个人划着小舟对克莱姆喊到:“跳上来,我把你带到高地。” 克莱姆回答道:“不,我的上帝会救我的!” 河水继续涨到了二楼的窗户,这时,往外一看,克莱姆看到一艘机动船开过来。机动船上的人向克莱姆喊道:“跳上来,我把你带到高地去。” 克莱姆回答道:“不,我的上帝会救我的!” 现在河水涨到了屋顶。克莱姆坐在屋脊上,洪水围着他的脚打旋。他看到一架直升飞机飞过,里面的人用号角喊到:“抓住绳子爬进来,我们把你带到高地。” 克莱姆回答道:“不,我的上帝会救我的!” 河水继续上涨,最后卷走了房子,克莱姆淹死了。接着,克莱姆知道自己站在上帝面前。他很生气,问上帝:“我对你有信心。你为什么要抛弃我呢?” 结果他的上帝回答道:“你还要让我怎么样?我派了一艘小船、一艘机动船和一架直升飞机!”
英语“瘸腿”要如何“补” 许多人在刚开始学英语的时候,由于没有抓住机会,也许是由于几个单词没有记住,也许是由于一个句型没有掌握,也许是一条“语法”没有理解,结果对英语失去兴趣,进而产生“畏惧”,于是便放弃了。从此以后,英语便成了“阶级敌人”,有人甚至看到英语老师都“恨之入骨”,其结果不用多说。 但是,这些人等过几年想过来后,感觉英语还是不能扔掉,于是又开始“补”了。许多人拜“名师”,求“绝招”,参加“速成”班,结果在一阵“疯狂”之后又垂头丧气地退回来了。 “速成”问题已经谈过,就不再谈了。试想一下,自己功课一落就是一两年,本来对英语就没有多少“好感”,个人又没有多少毅力,还想在一两个月的时间内再补上,确实是困难。有些人希望找个老师给“补”语法,但这多数也只是自欺欺人罢了。老师给你讲,你自己不时地点头,但是你真的就会了吗?真希望你不是在欺骗老师和家长。就算你真的懂了,你学的那些“语法片段”又能起多大的作用呢? 那么这种情况就没有希望了吗?倒也不是。如果你还能认识一些单词(比如200个以上),并且自己有一定的自制力,那么在没有老师天天陪你补习的情况下,从简单的故事开始阅读应该还是一条出路。当然,如果有老师指导你开展系统的阅读,那么恭喜你! 我在98年有一个高中一年级的学生,在入学几周后,我发现他听课没有反应,于是课下找到他了解情况。他告诉我自己初中时英语没有学好,中考英语只考了20多分,“语法”一概不懂。在他表示自己愿意付出努力学好英语后,我推荐他从简单的英语读物开始,通过阅读提高英语,在阅读的时候,只要求读懂文章的意思,根本不用考虑什么“语法”。他很信任我,也很刻苦,就用我推荐的简易读物开始阅读了。过了一段时间,他开始找到“感觉”了。在一年多的时间了,共计阅读了分级读物50多本。结果高二的时候,英语成绩就能接近班内中等水平了。虽然他不懂什么“语法”,但是凭着自己的“感觉”,考试时单项填空题多半都可以做对。 虽然这个例子属于极端,但是在我教过的学生中英语原来比较差,但通过阅读对英语产生兴趣,并且能够迅速提高成绩的例子非常多。 我的合作伙伴Jeremy Taylor有一个波兰学生,原来英语比较差,也是从低级的分级读物开始读起,逐渐升级,后来不到一个月,她准备读“真正的”书啦。并且,她的英语口语和听力水平也戏剧性地提高了。 所以Jeremy Taylor说,或许“阅读,阅读,再阅读”真的有助于语言学习。 这里没有那么长的篇幅来分析这种做的“理论”,但是如果你感觉自己的英语比较差,如果你相信笔者是认真的,如果你自己有一定的自制力,那么就从简单故事的阅读开始提高吧。如果能够做到,那么你的英语也许还“有救”。
英语“瘸腿”要如何“补” 许多人在刚开始学英语的时候,由于没有抓住机会,也许是由于几个单词没有记住,也许是由于一个句型没有掌握,也许是一条“语法”没有理解,结果对英语失去兴趣,进而产生“畏惧”,于是便放弃了。从此以后,英语便成了“阶级敌人”,有人甚至看到英语老师都“恨之入骨”,其结果不用多说。 但是,这些人等过几年想过来后,感觉英语还是不能扔掉,于是又开始“补”了。许多人拜“名师”,求“绝招”,参加“速成”班,结果在一阵“疯狂”之后又垂头丧气地退回来了。 “速成”问题已经谈过,就不再谈了。试想一下,自己功课一落就是一两年,本来对英语就没有多少“好感”,个人又没有多少毅力,还想在一两个月的时间内再补上,确实是困难。有些人希望找个老师给“补”语法,但这多数也只是自欺欺人罢了。老师给你讲,你自己不时地点头,但是你真的就会了吗?真希望你不是在欺骗老师和家长。就算你真的懂了,你学的那些“语法片段”又能起多大的作用呢? 那么这种情况就没有希望了吗?倒也不是。如果你还能认识一些单词(比如200个以上),并且自己有一定的自制力,那么在没有老师天天陪你补习的情况下,从简单的故事开始阅读应该还是一条出路。当然,如果有老师指导你开展系统的阅读,那么恭喜你!
我是如何"逃避"语法的 从来没有感觉语法是什么难题,不是因为“明白”,而是因为“不明白”。 虽说高中才开始学英语(那不是我的错,因为碰巧出生在那个年代),但是学习起来也并不那么吃力。一开始就是那么几个句型(过去的课本开始就是Drills,即句型练习,感觉特别好,可惜现在都改革掉了。)读熟了也就会了。到高二的时候有幸遇到了马继禹老师,从他那里开始接触到了阅读。虽然当时读的东西并不多,但因为阅读的关系,自己接触的东西比同学多一些,一些语法现象并不陌生。记得印象最深的是刚开始阅读的时候,由于没有学习一般过去时,在文章中反复出现was,感觉很奇怪。问老师,被告知那是be (is, am, are)的过去式,也没有感到有什么不好理解的。还有文章中经常出现 have/has,也感觉奇怪,老师说那是很难的语法,叫现在完成时,表示已经完成的动作。这也没有什么难理解的。文章中反复出现,便“习以为常”了。老师讲了时候也就爱听不听的。反正都明白,考试的时候也难不住我。 真正见识到“抠”语法的高手是在上了外语师范后。当时精读课上也是“抠”语法的,一篇课文也要几天才能“拆”(专业术语称“分析”)完。刚去的时候语法术语用英语都不会说,什么predict, predicative, adverbial clause……都搞不清,但是坐在我后面的一位师姐分析起来却非常流利,张口就是一套:This is a present participle phrase used as adverbial of attending circumstances, modifying the predicate XXX.(这是一个现在分词短语,作伴随状语,修饰谓语XXX)。这让我羡慕的了不得。但羡慕归羡慕,自己却没有迎头赶上的决心,因为虽然句子“拆”不好,但是考试的时候照样能名列前茅,所以也没有那种“紧迫感”。记得有一次考试考到have后面跟不定式作宾补不带to的情况,考完试后有些同学拿不准答案,碰到一位老师,老师讲了半天,把我讲的一头雾水,但是尽管不明白,自己却做对了。怎么对的?不知道,反正就感觉那个答案正确。当然,我们以后也开设了语法课,但是由于平时的积累,自己并没有被语法术语搞昏头。当时自己也有一个法宝——背例句。
Advice on reading(对阅读的建议) Learning a language takes time. The good news is that it doesn't have to be hard work, and that there are ways in which you can speed up your learning and make it more interesting. 学习语言需要时间。好消息是,学语言不一定要费劲,有许多办法可以提高学习速度并且学习起来充满趣味。 So what should ESL / EFL (English as a second language / English as a foreign language) learners do to improve their language? Actually, there is something that you can do everyday. No matter where you live, you can always read something in English. It is a fact that people who spend time reading any language have both a better vocabulary and are better at using grammar. The trick is how you read. If you try to understand every word that you read, you will make problems for yourself . The most important thing to do is to read to generally understand the story. You don't need to know every detail. This is a skill that takes a few days learn , as it it perfectly natural for an adult to want to understand every word they read (children don't worry about this so much, which is one reason why they learn to use languages much faster than adults). 那么将英语作为第二语言/外语的学生应该如何提高语言水平呢?实际上,有一件事情你每天都可以做。无论你住在哪里,你都可以用英语读些东西。事实是:花时间读任何一种语言的人词汇量都大,并且使用语法也熟练。问题是如何读。如果你试图将自己读到的每个字都理解,那是自找麻烦。最重要的是大体理解故事的意思,没有必要了解所有细节。这一技巧需要几天的时间学会,因为对于成年人来说,想把每个字都弄明白是很自然的(孩子们用不着在这方面操那么多的心,这就是他们学语言比成人快的原因)。 The second thing, is to have the discipline to spend 10 to 15 minutes a day, five days a week reading English. When you first start you may find it difficult, but you must keep going. In a week or so you will find that some words are repeated very often. If you don't know the meaning, try to guess. You may surprise yourself by how often you guess correctly. Only if a word is really stopping you understanding the meaning of a paragraph should you use a dictionary. Again you need to train yourself to do this. Remember, you learn best by thinking, not by looking things up in a dictionary or memorizing long lists of words. 第二是形成制度,每天花10—15分钟,每周5天阅读英语。一开始阅读的时候会感觉困难,但是要坚持。过大约一周后,你会发现有些单词经常重复。如果你不知道意思,猜猜看。你会惊奇地发现你猜测的准确率那么高。只有当一个单词真正妨碍你理解一段的意思时你才可以用字典。要做到这一点,你还是需要训练。记住:最好的学习方法是通过思考而非通过查字典或记住一大串的单词。 Next you should carefully choose what you read. Stories or articles with plenty of dialogue (e.g. interviews) are very useful for people who find speaking difficult. If you are a banker, read the financial section. Lastly, believe that you can succeed. Indeed, expect to succeed! Don't imagine yourself failing! 下一步,你应该好好挑选读的东西。对于在说这方面困难的人来说,有大量对话的故事或文章(比如采访)很有帮助。如果你是一个银行家,读一些金融方面的文章。最后,相信你能够成功。的确,期待成功!别想象自己失败!
蒙山深处一灵芝 ——中医奇人冯其全 一.舍近求远2011年8月末的一天,家住沂南县城安居小区的王先生一觉醒来,发现自己半边身体不能动,嘴眼歪斜,说不出话来。妻子看到这种情况,马上意识到丈夫患了中风。情急之中,妻子记起自己听朋友说过,在20多公里外的青驼镇高里卫生院中医门诊冯其全中医师有治疗中风偏瘫的绝活,于是决定直接去找冯其全中医师治疗。一开始丈夫显得不情愿,那意思很明显:自己的家离大医院那么...... 全文↓ 作者:心想事成 | 来自: 心想事成 一.舍近求远 2011年8月末的一天,家住沂南县城安居小区的王先生一觉醒来,发现自己半边身体不能动,嘴眼歪斜,说不出话来。妻子看到这种情况,马上意识到丈夫患了中风。 情急之中,妻子记起自己听朋友说过,在20多公里外的青驼镇高里卫生院中医门诊冯其全中医师有治疗中风偏瘫的绝活,于是决定直接去找冯其全中医师治疗。一开始丈夫显得不情愿,那意思很明显:自己的家离大医院那么近,为什么非要舍近求远,跑到20多公里外的乡镇卫生院呢?但是看到妻子那么坚决,也就勉强同意了。 来到高里卫生院,冯其全大夫给他检查后,办理了住院手续,并开始中药治疗,配合针灸。当天下午,王先生的那半边身体便可以活动了。第三天,王先生便可以自己行走。而且,以后的日子,王先生就可以骑着电动三轮车,每天驮着妻子,往返于县城与高里卫生院之间,接受冯其全医师的巩固性治疗。不到10天工夫,王先生身体便恢复正常,康复出院,没有留下任何后遗症。 二.儿时梦想 生于上世纪50年代的冯其全大夫,到现在行医已经有近40年了。说到冯其全行医的历程,还要从他小时候说起。冯其全的舅祖父就是当时当地的一代名医——谷作胜。在冯其全小的时候,经常跟奶奶到舅祖父家里。在舅祖父的影响下,冯其全对行医表现了浓厚的兴趣。冯其全经常爬到凳子上,去鼓捣一下比他个子还高的柜台上的那个铜捣药罐。听着药罐发出的清脆的敲击声,小冯其全心里充满无限的乐趣。他还经常模仿舅祖父的样子,找一张旧报纸,在地上抓一把草,包起中药的“牛头包”来。这一切,舅祖父看在眼里,喜在心里,于是有意识地引导他,让他做自己的传承人。 更让冯其全坚定学习中医、济世救人的决心的是听奶奶讲舅祖父的优秀的医德。奶奶经常讲,舅祖父为人特别好,对病人非常热情。有一次正吃着饭,有病人找上门来。这时候,舅祖父碗里只剩下两个饺子,但是他马上放下饭碗,去为病人看病。 在这种耳濡目染下,冯其全渐渐坚定了自己学习中医的决心。他要象自己的前辈那样,悬壶济世,治病救人。 三.梦想成真 怀揣着济世救人的梦想,冯其全便开始学习医学。上小学的时候,和父亲到十几里远的集市赶集,便抽空跑到当地的小书店,想买一本属于自己的医书。自己的父亲患有哮喘病,于是他就买了一本《中西医治疗呼吸道疾病》。这便是他的第一部医书了。 真正实现自己学医的梦想是在1974年。当时为了响应毛主席“将医疗工作的重点放到农村去”的伟大号召,公社举办了赤脚医生培训班。从小以爱好医学而出名的冯其全自然被选拔去参加学习。在学习班接受的系统的中医理论学习,加上舅祖父的实践经验指导,给冯其全奠定了良好的中医理论基础。
中学英语阅读开展困难的原因分析 阅读是中高考最重要的内容,同时阅读又是提高英语成绩的最有效方式,但是现实情况是,在全国,绝大多数学校并没有重视开展阅读教学。所进行的“阅读”也仅仅局限于教科书的几篇课文以及海量的模拟题了。在许多学生甚至老师看来,“阅读”就等于“模拟题”。难怪有那么多的人感叹阅读困难。 真正的阅读同模拟题的区别在于: 1)阅读是为了学习提高的;模拟题则是考查的。 2)阅读应该是系统的、循序渐进的;拟题是随意的。 3)阅读能让你感到愉快;模拟题使你饱受折磨。 4)阅读使你自信;模拟题使你怀疑自己。 英语首先是一门语言,是一门工具,那么学习英语就应该体会到语言带来的乐趣。学生应该利用这种工具去接受信息,给他们带来知识,带来欢乐。但是,现在的情况是,在大部分学校,除班级内的尖子学生外,大部分学生都对英语愁眉苦脸,谈到英语,都有一种“苦大仇深”的感觉,“乐趣”更是无从谈起。改变这种状况,提高英语学习效率的最佳出路就是开展阅读。 阅读难以开展的原因,分析起来,有以下几种: 1. 应试教育作梗一提高阅读,许多老师的第一反应便是:阅读是好,但是高考成绩怎么办?似乎开展阅读和提高高考成绩相矛盾。但是有些人并没有意识到,开展阅读是提高英语成绩的最有效的方式。要想解决高考中的阅读问题,最根本的是进行大量的阅读,提高整体实力。高考考什么,就训练什么,这只是“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,难以达到理想的效果。没有输入,就没有输出。《英语课程标准》对高中英语阅读的要求是:高中阶段的八级目标要求除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到30万字以上。这样规定是有道理的。没有大量的阅读,英语学习就没有后劲,成绩就难以有所突破。 这种思维还造成另外一种普遍现象:在许多学校,老师们也“知道”开展阅读对提高英语成绩有好处,于是便和学生强调要进行课外阅读,但同时,又给学生布置大量的作业,让学生根本没有时间进行阅读,难以体会到阅读带来的乐趣和效果。这样,开展阅读也就成了一句美丽的谎言。说到底,还是老师对阅读的重要性认识不够,将阅读作为补充,而将“常规”教学作为保底的手段。 2. 教育体制问题一些教育主管部门和学校管理层开展所谓的“教学常规”检查,其中的指标就是老师的备课本和学生的作业本。有的领导认为老师没把备课本写的黑黑一片就是没有备课,学生没有一本本的划着“红杠杠”的作业就是老师没有出力。 当然这也有教师方面的原因。面对上层的“常规”要求,有的老师表现得“底气不足”,不敢肯定对表白阅读在英语学习中的重要性。有的老师认为一些学生没有作业就不学习了,好象只有书面作业才是作业,而阅读就不算作业似的。所以说,给主管部门造成了错觉(英语需要大量的练习、作业)的,恰恰是英语老师自己。 随着教学手段和观念的改进,老师备课不能仅仅局限于“备课本”而学生的作业也不能仅局限于“作业本”。老师天天写那么多的“备课”,上哪有时间去为学生准备阅读材料?布置那么多的作业,学生哪有时间开展阅读呢? 3. 教师自身认识的问题不可否认,对于阅读教学的好处,许多教师自己也没有认识到。在有些教师看来,开展阅读是浪费时间,难以在短期内提高学生成绩,要想见效快,还是靠“语法”和“练习”。他们没有认识到阅读对于提高学生学习兴趣,进而提到英语学习成绩所起的巨大作用。 坦率地讲,许多老师是在恢复高考后,在“题海战术”下培养出来的大学生。他们从自己的老师那里学来的方法,又要传授给自己的学生了。这样师徒相传,就好象那样学英语才是“正宗”似的。这种“方法”已经形成了一个强大的“势力”,非常难以突破,并且没有多少人有勇气去突破。 笔者自己推行英语阅读教学时,一些老师就表现得非常被动,给人一种应付的感觉。有的老师,给他准备的材料都不好好利用,有的甚至将印刷好的阅读材料拿回家当废纸卖掉了。由于他们没有认真开展阅读,所以根本体会不到阅读所带来的好处,就更不开展阅读,陷入这样一来一种怪圈。反而,那些真正认真开展的老师,自己备课、上课非常轻松,学生非常愿意学习英语,有的甚至在其他课上都偷偷摸摸地阅读英语小说等,成绩提高非常快。 4. 阅读材料的原因英语阅读教学难以开展,还有一个重要的原因就是阅读教程的缺乏。让任课教师在教学任务繁重的情况下自己整理材料供学生阅读实在是勉为其难。 而现在图书市场上,英语教辅图书多数都是同步辅导、模拟训练一类,阅读教程非常少,仅有的几种阅读教程往往被淹没在同步辅导类图书的“大海”中,不被注意。 目前国内已经出版了几种非常好的英语阅读教程,但是由于宣传力度不够,造成了有教材卖不出,需要教材又买不到的局面。 开明出版社出版的《初中英语拓展阅读》和《高中英语拓展阅读》就是一套非常系统的阅读教程,既适合集体课堂使用,又适合学生自主学习使用,但是由于宣传不够,许多老师和学生都不知道。辽宁教育音像出版社出版的《高中英语泛读泛听教程》每年级分上下册,独成体系,也同样适合课堂使用,但是发行范围目前只局限在本省内,没能发挥该套教材应有的效力。 建议教育主管部门积极发现,向学校推荐优秀的阅读教程,为一线师生服务。 总 结一位资深英语教师说道: 如果一个人开始学习英语时, ①有人告诉他进行英语阅读的重要性; ②能找到适当的材料; ③最重要的是,能够坚持读下去, 那么他是有福气的。因为他英语学习会很轻松,并且成绩会非常好。 中国学生离“福气”还差多远呢?看来并不令人乐观。还需教育主管部门、教学研究部门、学校、教师和出版部分的共同努力才能实现。
The Story of My Life(我的人生经历 适合中等水平阅读) Helen KellerChapter OneI was born on June 27, in Tuscumbia, a little town in northern Alabama. The beginning of my life was simple and much like every other little life. I came, I saw, I conquered(征服), as the first baby in every family always does. There was the usual amount of discussion about a name for me. It was a very important matter. Everybody agreed about that. My father suggested the name of Mildred Campbell, an ancestor whom he admired very much, and he refused to take any further part in the discussion. My mother wanted me to be called after her mother, whose maiden name was Helen Everett. But in the excitement of carrying me to church, my father lost the name on the way, very naturally, since it was not the one he had chosen. When the minister asked him for it, he just remembered that I was supposed to be called after my grandmother, and he gave me her married name, Helen Adams.I am told that while I was still in long dresses I showed many signs of an eager, determined character. I insisted upon doing everything that I saw other people do. At six months I could say “hello,” and one day I attracted everybody's attention by saying, “Tea, tea, tea,” quite plainly. Even after the illness that took away my sight and hearing, I remembered one of the words that I had learned in those early months. It was the word water, and I continued to make some sound for that word after all other speech was lost.They tell me I walked the day I was a year old. My mother had just taken me out of the bath and was holding me in her arms when I was suddenly attracted by the moving shadows of the leaves that danced in the sunlight on the smooth floor. I slipped from my mother's arms and almost ran towards them. Then I felt afraid and I fell down and cried for my mother to take me up in her arms.Until the time of my illness, I lived in a tiny house which was just a few steps from the big house that belonged to my father's parents. Our little house was completely covered with vines(藤条), climbing roses and honey-suckle(金银花). It was a favorite place for hummingbirds(蜂鸟) and bees. The old-fashioned garden was like heaven for me. But these happy days did not last long. One brief spring, musical with the song of robins(知更鸟) and mockingbirds(反舌鸟), one summer, rich in fruit and roses, one autumn of red and gold, sped by and left their gifts at the feet of an eager, delighted child. Then, in the sad, dark month of February, the illness came which closed my eyes and ears and left me with no more consciousness(知觉) than a baby who has just been born. The doctor thought I could not live. Early one morning, however, the fever left me as suddenly and mysteriously as it had come. There was great happiness in the family that morning. No one, not even the doctor, knew that I would never see or hear again.I have some confused(模糊的) memories of that illness. I remember my mother's kindness and love as she nursed me, through those painful hours. I remember waking, after a restless sleep and turning my hot, dry eyes to the wall, away from the light which I had loved so much, and which now came to me less brightly every day. Except for these few memories, it all seems very unreal, like a bad dream. Gradually I got used to the darkness and silence that surrounded(包围) me and forgot that it had ever been any different, until she came---my teacher---who was to set my spirit(精神) free. But during the first nineteen months of my life I had seen broad green fields, a bright sky, trees, and flowers, which the darkness that followed could not completely take away from me.
Ali Baba and the Forty Robbers(阿里巴巴和四十大盗 适合初级水 Retold by Marie StuartThe story of Ali Baba is taken from a collection of stories called "The Thousand and One Nights". These stories are based on ancient Persian, Arabian and Indian tales handed down by word of mouth for hundreds of years. They first appeared in their present form, in Arabic, in 1450. The tales are linked together by the Story of Sheherazade. Sheherazade was the wife of the Sultan and had been condemned to death for her wickedness. She managed to put off her execution by telling one of the stories to her sister each night, in the presence of the Sultan. Being a very clever woman, as well as a talented storyteller, Sheherazade always left the most exciting part of the story until the following night. The Sultan could not bear to miss the end of each story, and kept on putting off the execution. For a thousand and one nights Sheherazade kept the Sultan spellbound with the stories. He eventually realized that he had been wrong and forgave Sheherazade.The stories are just as spellbinding today as they were in those far-off days, and are here presented in simple text so that younger readers can enjoy them.ONCE there were two boys who were brothers. The older one was called Cassim. The other was Ali Baba. When they grew up, Cassim married a woman who was rich.Ali Baba married a woman who had no money at all, so they had to live in a very small house and never had nice things to eat and drink.Ali Baba went out every day to cut down trees for firewood. He used to take the wood home on the backs of his three little donkeys. Then he went round the streets with it. Some of the women came out of their houses to buy the wood from him.This was how he made his living. It was not a very good living and he never had much money to take home to his wife and son.One day, when he was at work in the woods, he saw some men coming along on horse-back. He did not like the look of them so he said to his donkeys."I don't want these men to see me. They may take my wood. You go off so that they will not see you and I will climb up into this tree. I will call you when they have gone."Up into the tree he went and on came the men. Then the first man said: " Stop! The place is over there!"All the men jumped from their horses and Ali Baba saw that every horse had a big sack on its back. The men lifted these sacks off the horses' backs and put them on their own backs.Then the horses were led away and the men walked up to a big rock that was near Ali Baba's tree.Ali Baba counted the men as they stood nearby. There were forty of them.Standing in front of the big rock, one of the men called,"Open Sesame!"Ali Baba saw a door in the rock open! The men went in and all the others went in after him. No sooner had the last one got in than the door closed again."I wish I could get down now and run off home," said Ali Baba, "but they might come out again soon and see me."So he still sat in the tree. He wondered why he had never seen the door in the rock before! Who had opened it? Was it the entrance to a cave?
Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp(阿拉丁神灯,适合初等水平阅读) Retold by Marie StuartLong ago, in China, there lived a tailor, named Mustafa. He was very poor. He had a son called Aladdin.Mustafa wanted Aladdin to learn how to make clothes so that he could help him. But all Aladdin wanted to do was to play in the street with other boys.Then his father fell ill and died. Aladdin's mother had to do all the work."I wish you would help me sometimes," she said. But he never did.One day, when Aladdin was out playing, a man spoke to him."Do you know Mustafa the tailor?" he asked. "He was my father," said Aladdin, "but he is dead. Did you know him?""He was my brother," the man replied."Then you must be my uncle," said Aladdin."Yes," said the man. "Now that I have found you I want to help you and your mother.""Here is some money for your mother," said Aladdin's uncle. "Tell her I shall come to see her soon."Next day, Aladdin saw the man again."I shall come and have dinner with you and your mother tonight," he told Aladdin. "Here is some more money so that she can buy something nice for us to eat."Aladdin took the money home to his mother.When the man came to their house, Aladdin's mother said,"I did not know that my husband had a brother. He never talked about you."The man was not really Aladdin's uncle, but a Magician.He said, "I left home a long time ago. Now that I have come back, I want to help you both.""What work do you do?" he asked Aladdin."He just plays with the other boys all day," replied Aladdin's mother."It is time you did some work," said his uncle. "Would you like me to buy a shop for you to look after?""I would like that, " answered Aladdin. Next morning the Magician took Aladdin shopping."First I will buy you some new clothes, Aladdin," he said.Aladdin liked his new clothes and so did his mother.Next day, they went to look at big houses with lovely gardens. Aladdin liked them very much."One day, I shall buy you a big house with a garden," promised the Magician. "But let us sit and have something to eat. We have walked a long way."The Magician had a bag of cakes and sweets and gave Aladdin as much as he could eat.Then he said, "I want you to see the best garden of all before we go back.""Is it a long way?" asked Aladdin. "I don't think I can walk much more.""We shall soon be there," said the Magician. So they walked on again for a while. Then he cried, "Stop! This is the place.""I don't see a garden," said Aladdin."You soon will," replied the Magician. "But first we shall make a fire. Find me some dry sticks."The Magician lit the fire and put something on it that made black smoke.Then all at once, under his feet, Aladdin saw a big stone with a ring in it."Pull that ring," said the Magician.Aladdin pulled, and up came the stone. Then he saw that it had been on top of a well.It was very black inside the well and he did not like the look of it."You must go down," said the Magician."Will you come?" Aladdin asked."No. No one but you must go," replied the Magician. "But if you do everything I say, you will be very rich."
Water 《水》(适于高一水平阅读)(选自《高中英语阅读教程I》) The sun was hot; the water hole was dry; the cattle were dying of thirst. Everything was crying for ——WATER Ross SanteeThe sun was hot! Smith looked at the water hole. There was no water in it."Well," he said, "no water, no farm!""Perhaps there is water deeper down, under the mud," I said.Smith did not look at me. He started to dig in the hole. I did not help him. I was pushing the cattle away from us. They crowded around in the hole looking for water. They got down on their knees in the mud crying for water. They were dying of thirst.Smith got out of the hole. He stood again just looking down. There was no water. Then he grew angry. He said he hoped it would never rain again. He shook his hands at the sky and shouted against God and nature. Then he went to his horse. He did not speak on the way back to the farmhouse. I did not say anything either. There was nothing to say. The water hole was dry. It was the end for Smith, the farmer, for the cattle and for the farm.It was difficult for Smith to understand, or believe; for his wife too. I thought about her as we rode over the dry earth to the farmhouse. Yesterday I had seen her on her knees in front of the house."God, give us rain," she was saying in a low voice. Over and over again she prayed for rain.I do not understand how she could listen to the cattle crying for water and not lose control of herself. They cried all day and all night. Their terrible cries never stopped. I wanted to put something in my ears so that I would not hear them any more. We could still hear them when we went inside the house. None of us could escape from their cries. The food was ready when Smith and I rode up to the farm. His wife was smiling as usual while her hands were shaking. Smith was quiet now. And he had not that wild look in his eyes any more.When she turned on the light, I could see deep lines of worry on her face. Then I looked closely at Smith. He had grown ten years older in that one day. We all sat down around at the table in the warm kitchen. She did not touch the food or drink the coffee.Once—many weeks ago when the sun first grew hot—she told me she could not drink water when we knew the cattle were dying of thirst. Nobody spoke. She looked at Smith. He was not eating, either. Finally he pushed his food away. I knew he was deeply troubled, but all he said to her was, "You know about it?"She nodded and pushed some gray hair away from her face. When she spoke, her voice was firm."I know," she said. "The water hole went dry today."I felt heavy when I saw her try to smile. I walked outside. It was better to leave them alone.I looked up at the dark sky. Black clouds were moving low over the hills. A long time ago clouds like that meant rain. But not any more. Tomorrow's sun would burn them away. A full moon was rising over the mountains. I had watched it rise two years ago from this same place. It was the night I came to work for Smith.In those days it was a good farm with healthy horses to ride and fat cattle. There had been many rains then and the water holes were full. The farm fields were covered with grass. Every hill was green and the cattle had food. Smith had more water than any other farmer in Arizona.
The Man with the Twisted Lip(歪嘴男人)(适合初中级水平阅读) (A Story of Holmes)Mr Isa Whitney was an opium addict and he could not get rid of the habit. He had once been a fine man, but now people only pitied this bent, unfortunate person with yellow, unhealthy face. Opium was both his ruin and his only pleasure.One night in June, when it was almost time to go to bed, I heard the door bell ring. I sat up in my chair, and Mary, my wife, put her sewing down in annoyance."A patient!" she said. "At this hour!"We heard the servant opening the front door and speaking to someone. A moment later the door of our sitting room was thrown open and a lady came in. She wore a black veil over her face."Please forgive me for calling on you so late," she began. But she could no longer control her feelings. She ran forward, threw her arms round Mary's neck, and cried bitterly on her shoulder. "Oh, I'm in such trouble!" she said. "I need help so much!""Why!" said my wife, pulling up the visitor's veil, "its Kate Whitney. You did give me a surprise, Kate! I had no idea who you were when you came in.""I didn't know what to do, and so I came straight to you."That was how it always happened. People who were in trouble came to my wife like birds to a lighthouse."We are very glad to see you," Mary said. "Now you must have some wine and water and sit here comfortably and tell us all about it. Or would you like me to send John off to bed?""Oh, no, no! I want to doctor's advice and help too. It's about Isa. He hasn't been home for two days. I'm so frightened about him!"This was not the first time that Mrs Whitney had spoken to us of her husband's bad ways; she and Mary had been at school together. We did our best to calm her down and comfort her."Have you any idea where he has gone?" I asked."Yes," Mrs Whitney replied. "He's probably at a place called the Bar of Gold, in East Swandam Street. It's a place where opium addicts go. This is the first time that Isa has spent more than a day there."I was Isa Whitney's doctor and had a certain influence with him."I will go to this place, " I said. "If he is there I will send him home in a cab within two hours."Five minutes later I had left my comfortable chair and sitting room and was in a fast cab on my way east.Upper Swandam Street was on the north side of the river, to the east of London Bridge. The Bar of Gold was below the lever of the street. Some steep steps led down to the entrance, which looked like the mouth of a cave. There was an oil lamp hanging above the door. I ordered the cab driver to wait, and went down the steps.Inside, it was difficult to see very much through the thick brown opium smoke. The place was a long low room, and was full of beds like those on board a ship, on top another. In the half-light I could just see people lying in strange positions on the beds, and little red circles which were the pipes of burning opium. Some of the people were talking softly to themselves. Near one end of the room there was a fireplace, in which a small fire was burning. A tall, thin old man sat there, looking into the fire.A Malayan servant who belonged to the place came up to me with some opium and a pipe. He point to an empty bed."No, thank you," I said. "I haven't come to stay. There is a friend of mine here, Mr Isa Whitney, and I want to speak to him."A man on one of the beds suddenly sat up, and I recognized Whitney. He was pale, untidy, and wild-looking."Watson!" he cried. "Tell me, Watson, what time is it?""Nearly eleven o'clock.""On what day?""Friday, June the 19th.""Good heavens! I thought it was Wednesday.""No, it's Friday. And your wife has been waiting two days for you. You ought to be ashamed of yourself!"He began to cry. "I was sure I had been here only a few hours! But I'll go home with you. I don't want to frighten Kate---poor little Kate! Give me your hand: I can't do anything for myself. Have you a cab?""Yes, I have one waiting.""Good. But I must owe something here. Find out what I owe them, Watson." As I walked along the narrow passage between the beds, looking for the manager, I felt someone touch my sleeve. It was the tall man by the fire. "Walk past me, and then look back at me," he said. When I looked again he was still bending over the fire --- a bend, tired old man. Suddenly he looked up and smiled at me. I recognized Sherlock Holmes."Holmes!" I whispered. "What on earth are you doing in this disgusting place?"
The adventures of Tom Sawyer (汤姆历险记)   CHAPTER 1  "FULL OF MISCHIEF"  "Tom!"  No answer.  "Tom!" cried Aunt Polly again.  No answer.  "I wonder where that boy's gone. TOM!"  The old lady pulled her glasses down on her nose and looked over them about the room. Then she put them up and looked out under them. She seldom or never looked through them for a small thing as a child. She seemed puzzled for a moment and said:  "Well, if I catch you, I'll---"  She did not finish, for by this time she was bending down and pushing the sweeping-brush under the bed. She disturbed nothing but the cat. Then she went to open the door and looked out into the garden. Tom was not in sight.  "To---o---om!" she shouted.  There was a slight noise behind her, and she turned just in time to seize a small boy and prevent him from running away.  "What have you been doing in that cupboard?"  "Nothing."  "Nothing! Look at your hands, and look at your mouth. What is that?"  "I don't know, aunt."  "Well, I know. It's jam. I've told you forty times that if you touched that jam I'd skin you. Hand me that stick."  The stick was about to fall.  "Hi! Look behind you, aunt!"  The old lady turned round and snatched her skirt out of danger. The boy ran away, and disappeared over the high fence of the garden. His aunt stood surprised for a moment, and then gave a gentle laugh.  "Hang that boy! Can't I ever learn anything? Hasn't he played that trick before? He's full of mischief, but he's my sister's boy, poor thing, and I hate whipping him. Every time I hit him my conscience blames me. He'll stay away from school this afternoon, and I'll have to punish him by making him work tomorrow. It's cruel to make him work on a Saturday, when all the boys are having a holiday, but he hates work more than anything else, and I must do my duty towards the child, or I'll spoil his character."  Tom did stay away from school, and he had a very good time. He returned just in time to help Jim, the small servant boy, to cut up the next day's firewood before supper. Tom's younger brother (or rather his step-brother) Sidney, had already finished his part of the work, for he was a quiet boy, and had no adventurous, troublesome ways.  While Tom was eating his supper and stealing sugar every time he had a chance, Aunt Polly was wondering whether Tom had disobeyed her and had been to the river. She had sewn up his shirt at the neck in order to prevent him from taking it off and swimming.  "Tom, it was quite hot in school, wasn't it? Didn't you want to go swimming?"  "No, auntie. Well, not much."  "Come here. Show me your collar."  Tom opened his shirt. The neck-hand of his shirt was tightly sewn.  "Well, you may go out and play. I was sure that you had stayed away from school and been swimming."  "I thought you sewed his collar with white thread," said Sidney. "Now it's black."  "Why, I did sew it with white thread! Tom!"  But Tom did not wait for the rest. As he went out he said, " Sid, I'll give you a beating for that."
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