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NavSource美海军舰艇网站复活新网址 http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navsource.net&urlrefer=b030cc5797020c7a097eaccd80664549

聊天机器人ChatGPT对战列舰的理解水平注册了ChatGPT，拿战列舰"battleship"来考考它目前的水平，结果是这样的： mathewwu：What is battleship? ChatGPT：Battleship is a classic two-player strategy game, typically played with pen and paper or with special board game pieces. In the game, each player sets up their own fleet of ships on a grid, and then takes turns guessing the location of their opponent's ships. If a player correctly guesses the location of one of their opponent's ships, they mark that spot as a "hit" and continue guessing until they have sunk all of their opponent's ships. The first player to sink all of their opponent's ships wins the game. The game has been popular for generations and has been adapted into various forms, including board games, video games, and even a feature film. The game is known for its simple rules, which make it easy to learn, but also for its high level of strategy and mind games, which can make it challenging to play well. mathewwu：I mean a kind of ship instead a game. ChatGPT：I apologize for the confusion. In naval terms, a battleship is a large, heavily armed warship designed for combat against other ships. Battleships were among the largest and most powerful surface vessels of their time, and were typically armed with a variety of heavy guns and artillery. They were used by many navies around the world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and played a significant role in many major naval conflicts, including World War I and World War II. Battleships were eventually replaced by aircraft carriers as the primary offensive platform of naval fleets, due to the increasing importance of air power in naval warfare. Nevertheless, battleships remain an important part of naval history and are remembered for their size, firepower, and impact on naval warfare. 以下是谷歌机翻： mathewwu：什么是战列舰？ ChatGPT：Battleship 是一款经典的双人战略游戏，通常使用笔和纸或特殊的棋盘游戏来玩。在游戏中，每个玩家在网格上设置自己的舰队，然后轮流猜测对手船只的位置。如果玩家正确猜出对手其中一艘船只的位置，他们会将那个位置标记为“命中”并继续猜测，直到他们击沉了对手的所有船只。第一个击沉对手所有船只的玩家赢得游戏。该游戏流行了几代人，并被改编成各种形式，包括棋盘游戏、视频游戏，甚至是故事片。该游戏以其简单的规则而闻名，这使得它易于学习，但也因其高水平的策略和智力游戏而闻名，这使得玩好它具有挑战性。 mathewwu：我的意思是一种船而不是游戏。 ChatGPT：对于造成的混乱，我深表歉意。在海军方面，战列舰是一种大型、全副武装的军舰，专为与其他船只作战而设计。战列舰是当时最大、最强大的水面舰艇之一，通常配备各种重型火炮和火炮。它们在 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初被世界各地的许多船只使用，并在包括第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战在内的许多重大海上冲突中发挥了重要作用。由于空中力量在海战中的重要性日益增加，战列舰最终被航空母舰取代，成为海军舰队的主要进攻平台。尽管如此，战列舰仍然是海军历史的重要组成部分，并因其规模、火力和对海战的影响而被人们铭记。

有关前卫与衣阿华的北大西洋演习有关1953年9月北约演习中伊阿华号与前卫号的报道，可信的文字有MalcolmMuir的Iowa-classbattleships一书第31页 ”在北大西洋中伊阿华号曾达到左右各26度的横摇（而同时间前卫号则经历到15度横摇）。” 皇家海军协会2007年10月期刊第18-19页 ”演习遭遇极其恶劣的天后，最后在HMSDiamond和HMSSwiftsure相撞后被迫放弃。前卫号表现亮眼，以26节的航速下还只有12度的横摇…顶着狂风(directlyinto the gale. 按蒲式风级” gale”是34-40节的风速)船首几乎都能排开浪涛，反观伊阿华号的表现则不怎么好，横摇经常到达26度，连舰桥都被浪花遮蔽了。鹰号也比较大的美军（艾色克斯级）航母较能保持干燥…” 另前卫官网说法也差不多。 1953年9月那场北大西洋的演习，除了证明在高海况下前卫比衣阿华适航性优秀外，两舰根本没有海上炮战科目，对陆火力支援科目也因为海况太恶劣导致撞船事故而取消了。以上几篇够权威有出处的有关演习的报道，只有描述英国战列舰和航母适航性胜过美舰的故事，没有任何前卫与衣阿华曾经对战的故事，如果真有比出高下，能不大书特书？英美两国用的是英语，自然以英语资料为准，谣言可以终止了吧实体出版书 Malcolm Muir's Iowa-class battleships, p. 31 : "During a NATO operation in the North Atlantic in September 1953, the Iowaregistered a 26° roll each way (at the same time, HMS Vanguard experienced a 15° roll)." 皇海协会官刊 The Official Journal of the Royal Navy Association, October 2007, pp. 18-19 : "After taking her place as Home Fleet flagship in the line at Spithead on 15th June, the September 1953 NATO exercise ‘Mariner’ was the largest to date and covered the entire Atlantic and Channel areas from Norway to Gibraltar. Convoys were formed and escorted against aircraft and submarine attack whilst the Striking fleet moved north towards Denmark Strait in the Greenland-Iceland-UK gap. This comprised USS IOWA, three American cruisers, two ‘Essex’ Class carriers, HMCS Quebec and seventeen destroyers, (including trios of ‘Daring’s’, ‘Weapons’ and ‘Battles’), whilst the Heavy Squadron, comprising HMS Vanguard, Eagle, and Sheffield (replacing Theseus on ‘Flail’ duties), joined from Invergorden. The whole exercise took place in atrocious weather conditions which not only hindered but curtailed many intended operations and ultimately led to abandonment after the collision between HMS Diamond and Swiftsure. However the 'star' of the show was HMS Vanguard alone able to steam at 26 knots with no more than a 12 degree roll. “With hardly a movement on her and the spray flying out from either bow . . . directly into the gale . . . a magnificent sight that few of us will ever forget”. Interestingly, USS Iowa did not perform nearly so well, frequently rolling to 26 degrees with her bridge hidden in spray. Eagle also appeared drier than the larger American carriers. HMS Vanguard was later directed towards an enemy raider (HMS Sureswift) and being judged undamaged from a bomb attack by US Skyraider aircraft in error, she proceeded to engage and ‘sink’ the cruiser." (bold emphasis added) 前卫官网 http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbattleshiphmsvanguard.homestead.com%2F19534.html+&urlrefer=36c90508cc1beeb45dea299d4a8e6984 After summer leave Vanguard left Portsmouth in September for Invergordon, which appeared to have become our northen base. Later in the month we met up with other ships of the Home Fleet and together with elements of the American Fleet, including the battleship USS Iowa, held a NATO exercise called 'Mariner'. The weather we experienced out in the Atlantic and the Denmark Strait was atrocious. Strange as it may seem , I felt quite alright in the roughest of seas but once in calmer waters the gentle roll would upset my stomach. The trouble with Vanguard was that it was so big it would take a considerable time to stop rolling. It was here that Vanguard proved herself. During the exercise she was the only ship that could travel at speed through the rough seas and her performance at this was better than that of the Iowa. After travelling some 800 miles north of John O'Groats we anchored at Greenock on 3 October 1953 at the end of the exercise. A few days later we sailed to Invergordon and then to Portland. Two days later we steamed home to Portsmouth. 这些文字我十年前就贴出过了，现在找不到了，只好复读一遍。

【熊族礼物】Warship 2017读后收获一则本期第一篇是谈河内摄津，对同一舰上装备12英寸50倍径和45倍径两种主炮所引起的争议有所诠释。众所周知以同样的炮口初速发射同样的弹丸会取得同样的弹道性能，比如大米16英寸Mk 7和Mk 6（也分别为50倍径和45倍径）的HC弹弹道射表(O.P. 970)就是一致的。那么河内级大可统一两种主炮的初速来解决齐射射程不一致的问题，尤其拍板使用不同倍径主炮的是具炮术专长的东乡，难道他不能下令降低50倍径的初速或增高45倍径的初速？这只要调整发射药量就可以解决，技术及后勤难度都不高。作者给出的理由是：日方认为45倍径的威力已落居下风，必须尽快取得50倍径主炮，但1. 修改该级舰舷侧炮座座圈以承受50倍径主炮的后座力，将产生结构和稳性方面的问题且会延误交期，但扩大前后中线主炮座圈工程较容易且不影响稳定性；2. 日俄战后日本财务困难，无力全数外购50倍径主炮，但45倍径已可自产，省下来的资金可补贴外购。于是乎成就了两个不上不下的半吊子。

南达级到底有没有空调？有的，但从多个老兵口述历史和技术文件显示空调并非是全面的。据马萨轮机部的训练简报，全舰共有13套空调系统，分别保持重要战斗位置和医疗所的温度及湿度：AIR CONDITIONING PLANTS: Thereare thirteen AIR CONDITIONING UNITS scattered about the ship for the purpose of coolingessential battle stations and SICK BAYs. These units operate essentially likethe refrigerating units, for cooling the air. The humidity is controlled byremoving moisture from the air by means of lime trays, or adding moisture byuse of steam. 在此条件下，餐厅寝室等生活空间以及与战斗无关的办公及劳作空间应该也都没有空调。据一位老兵回忆：“我们是在大萧条时期长大的，即使像住在纽约市布鲁克林区的我，家里也没有空调。在南太平洋我们根本就睡在自己的汗水上，也没人觉得受不了- "We didn't think it was that bad."” 对了，不要再问衣阿华、北卡、埃塞克斯或任何一条美国二战战舰类似的空调问题了，一概没有全舰空调的，因为美国第一艘全舰空调（应该不包括炉间机舱）的战舰是1947年的纽堡纽斯号CA-148。

舰载雷达和光学设备的极限视距公式地表极限视距是以观测者所在的海拔高度来决定的。为简化计算过程，以下为通用计算公式。雷达极限视距公式R = 2460 *sqrt (H)（R是以码为单位的极限视距，2460是常数，H是以英尺为单位的观测者高度），设雷达天线高度124英尺，则此雷达至地平线的极限视距理论值为27400码，即27400 = 2460 * sqrt(124)。由于雷达波可少许扩散到地平线下，而光线则不会弯曲，所以在使用以上计算极限视距的公式时，光学的约是雷达的95%，当然这是假设没有能见度的限制。另外若是被观测者也有高度，则最远的相互通视距离为双方观测者的地平线极限视距相加，也就是R = 2460 * [sqrt (H1) + sqrt (H2)]，例如光学指挥仪的高度盐湖城号是117英尺，那智号是79英尺，那么理论上双方的指挥仪望远镜可在2460 * [sqrt (117) +sqrt (79)] * 0.95 = 46050码上互相看到对方，但此时双方指挥仪以下的舰体都还隐没在地平线下，要随着距离拉近才会逐渐显现。要知道任何一型舰只各阵位的最远视距，套用以上公式即可。

弹性装填系统看清楚了，这就是鬼畜和法鸡的半“弯曲”性(semi-flexible)链条式推弹杆。估计当年有人把"flexible"翻译成“弹性”，于是造就了流传一时的“弹性装填系统”。此链条可弯曲超过180度，作任意角或自由角装填自然不是问题，问题在几百公斤的炮弹被顶上膛之后下边没东西撑着，只靠铜弹带与膛线咬合的摩擦力够不够稳当？后退滑下来会不会撞坏什么东东？