level 1
level 8
level 9
level 8
IB IA (CHEMISTRY/BIOLOGY/PHYSICS) CONCLUSION &EVALUATION 介绍
Aspect 1: concluding
1.通过实验数据给出合理的结论，通过作图找规律，分析做出合理解释;
2.分析SYSTEMATIC/RANDOM ERRORS 计算UNCERTAINTIES 对比PERCENTAGE ERROR 和RANDOM ERROR;
3.如果是已知量的测量，需要对比实验值以及真实值
Conclusions that are supported by the data are acceptable even if they
appear to contradict accepted theories.However, the conclusion must take into account any systematic or random errors and uncertainties.A percentage error should be compared with the total estimated random error as derived from the propagation of uncertainties.
In justifying their conclusion, students should discuss whether systematic
error or further random errors were encountered. The direction of any systematic errors should be appreciated.
Analysis may include comparisons of different graphs or descriptions of trends shown in graphs. The explanation should contain observations, trends or patterns revealed by the data.
When measuring an already known and accepted value of a physical quantity,
students should draw a conclusion as to their confidence in their result by comparing the experimental value with the textbook or literature value. The literature
consulted should be fully referenced.
Aspect 2: evaluating procedure(s)
1.讨论设计思路 研究方法以及所得实验数据情况；
2.讨论实验数据值的缺陷以及产生问题的原因；
3.讨论测量值的PRECISION & ACCURACY;
4.在讨论实验过程时，注意实验过程，使用仪器以及时间等方面对实验数据的影响
The design and method of the investigation must be commented upon as well
as the quality of the data.
The student must not only list the weaknesses but must also appreciate how
significant the weaknesses are.
Comments about the precision and accuracy of the measurements are relevant
here. When evaluating the procedure used,
the student should specifically look at the processes, use of equipment and
management of time.
Aspect 3: improving the investigation
主要基于EVALUATION中的weakness & limitation 进行讨论，给出更好的修正方案，讨论实验数据的precision accuracy reproducibility.比如 如何减小Random error 去除systematic error等，修正方案必须具有可操作性，并且给出具体操作方案。
Suggestions for improvement should be based on the weaknesses and limitations
identified in aspect 2. Modifications to the experimental techniques and the data range can be addressed here. The modifications should address issues of precision, accuracy and reproducibility of the results. Students should suggest how to reduce random error, remove systematic error and/or obtain greater control of variables. The modifications proposed should be realistic and clearly specified. It is not sufficient to state generally that more precise equipment should be used.I
2013年09月17日 02点09分
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Aspect 1: concluding
1.通过实验数据给出合理的结论，通过作图找规律，分析做出合理解释;
2.分析SYSTEMATIC/RANDOM ERRORS 计算UNCERTAINTIES 对比PERCENTAGE ERROR 和RANDOM ERROR;
3.如果是已知量的测量，需要对比实验值以及真实值
Conclusions that are supported by the data are acceptable even if they
appear to contradict accepted theories.However, the conclusion must take into account any systematic or random errors and uncertainties.A percentage error should be compared with the total estimated random error as derived from the propagation of uncertainties.
In justifying their conclusion, students should discuss whether systematic
error or further random errors were encountered. The direction of any systematic errors should be appreciated.
Analysis may include comparisons of different graphs or descriptions of trends shown in graphs. The explanation should contain observations, trends or patterns revealed by the data.
When measuring an already known and accepted value of a physical quantity,
students should draw a conclusion as to their confidence in their result by comparing the experimental value with the textbook or literature value. The literature
consulted should be fully referenced.
Aspect 2: evaluating procedure(s)
1.讨论设计思路 研究方法以及所得实验数据情况；
2.讨论实验数据值的缺陷以及产生问题的原因；
3.讨论测量值的PRECISION & ACCURACY;
4.在讨论实验过程时，注意实验过程，使用仪器以及时间等方面对实验数据的影响
The design and method of the investigation must be commented upon as well
as the quality of the data.
The student must not only list the weaknesses but must also appreciate how
significant the weaknesses are.
Comments about the precision and accuracy of the measurements are relevant
here. When evaluating the procedure used,
the student should specifically look at the processes, use of equipment and
management of time.
Aspect 3: improving the investigation
主要基于EVALUATION中的weakness & limitation 进行讨论，给出更好的修正方案，讨论实验数据的precision accuracy reproducibility.比如 如何减小Random error 去除systematic error等，修正方案必须具有可操作性，并且给出具体操作方案。
Suggestions for improvement should be based on the weaknesses and limitations
identified in aspect 2. Modifications to the experimental techniques and the data range can be addressed here. The modifications should address issues of precision, accuracy and reproducibility of the results. Students should suggest how to reduce random error, remove systematic error and/or obtain greater control of variables. The modifications proposed should be realistic and clearly specified. It is not sufficient to state generally that more precise equipment should be used.I
level 2
