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转一小段文字 讨论下最后的尼人和丹人的技术水平 Yungsiyebu”:“出现在南西伯利亚的石叶工业与黎凡特和中部欧洲的Bohunician石器文化(4.8万年前诞生,2.0-1.8万年前的末次盛冰期终止)具有一致的特征(Rybin,2004)。……石叶工业大约4.5万年前诞生于南西伯利亚(Derevianko,2005),约4.0万年前扩散到贝加尔地区(Derevianko & Shunkov,2005;Lbova,2008),约3.4万年前扩散到外蒙古地区(Derevianko & Shunkov,2004);约3.8万年前(或者更晚)扩散到内蒙古及中国西北;约3.5万年前扩散到日韩。…… ”“与石叶工业并存于南西伯利亚的还有类莫斯特文化,此类文化还广泛分布于欧洲、西亚、中亚和东北非的旧石器时代中期,主要对应尼安德特人,这一点与蒙古Salkhit以及鄂尔多斯的萨拉乌苏人的某些兼具尼安德特的人类学特征吻合。”“约3.0万年以后,非石叶工业的南方智人北上 ……与石叶工业的欧亚原著智人如Denisova(同时代没挖出来的南西伯利亚石叶工业人群的骨头,最少怎么也得几百号吧,也无法判断是智人还是直立人)长期共存并习得了石叶工业技术,并在旧石器晚期的最后阶段(应晚于第一批非石叶工业的美洲移民)在石叶工业的基础上发展出了细石叶、细石核工业。”“他们有可能是单倍体群D(石宏,2008),但我认为也不排除是O3或C3的某些支系,或者分子亚当的其他某些消失的支系。因为此时日本与大陆相连,如果有一个单倍体群进入,没有理由其他单倍体群不跟着进来,除非这个单倍体群不在近海地域,而目前Y主要单倍体群的北上年代都在3.0万年这个年代前后。但不管怎样,我个人的推测是,这些旧石器日本人群的Y单倍体型应当都在末次盛冰期遗失了。“
【转】Flores Man 弗洛勒斯人可能是能人后裔,而非直立人 Flores Man 弗洛勒斯人可能是能人后裔,而非直立人 http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ranhaer.com%2Fthread-32073-1-1.html&urlrefer=2e72a897d26bb0531505ca2bd318560e roc. R. Soc. B 2015 282 20150943; DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0943. Published 22 July 2015 Bayesian analysis of a morphological supermatrix sheds light on controversial fossil hominin relationships Mana Dembo, Nicholas J. Matzke, Arne Ø. Mooers, Mark Collard Abstract The phylogenetic relationships of several hominin species remain controversial. Two methodological issues contribute to the uncertainty—use of partial, inconsistent datasets and reliance on phylogenetic methods that are ill-suited to testing competing hypotheses. Here, we report a study designed to overcome these issues. We first compiled a supermatrix of craniodental characters for all widely accepted hominin species. We then took advantage of recently developed Bayesian methods for building trees of serially sampled tips to test among hypotheses that have been put forward in three of the most important current debates in hominin phylogenetics—the relationship between Australopithecus sediba and Homo, the taxonomic status of the Dmanisi hominins, and the place of the so-called hobbit fossils from Flores, Indonesia, in the hominin tree. Based on our results, several published hypotheses can be statistically rejected. For example, the data do not support the claim that Dmanisi hominins and all other early Homo specimens represent a single species, nor that the hobbit fossils are the remains of small-bodied modern humans, one of whom had Down syndrome. More broadly, our study provides a new baseline dataset for future work on hominin phylogeny and illustrates the promise of Bayesian approaches for understanding hominin phylogenetic relationships. 发表于:http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Frspb.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcontent%2F282%2F1812%2F20150943&urlrefer=213f4ec0e97eb607d3b9008f320a36c9
(转)中东分子人类(2):R1b系统发生树与赫梯、亚述、吐火罗人 http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sina.com.cn%2Fs%2Fblog_6a4e1c6f0101cb11.html&urlrefer=0d6e1bd7aa0d32602867996b0ce200f2 1 Y-R系统发生树 分子人类学越来越精细的研究,正在越来越清晰地勾画出人类种族迁徙和文明发展史。欧罗巴人种在分子人类学上主要属于Y-R系。虽然Y-R系诞生很早,大约27000年前就已经出现于中亚P集团,出现时间在MNOPS集团里仅次于Y-O系。但是分别构成今天西欧主要成分R1b和东欧的R1a下的核心支系,其诞生与爆发时间却是非常地晚。其超级祖先大约诞生于新石器时代。R1下两大支系之R1a走欧亚大草原北线,向西迁徙到咸海和黑海以北欧亚大草原,R1b经伊朗走咸海南线,其核心支系也迁徙到黑海周边。个人分析判断R1a和R1b一起走同一路线到达黑海北草原的可能性要大于分南北两条路线。很可能是在黑海北的草原,原始印欧人R1系与尼安德特人发生混血,从而产生欧罗巴人种,与中亚的原始PQR准黄种集团区别开来。苏美尔-古埃及的文明通过海路经爱琴海到达黑海沿岸,把文明传播于黑海沿岸的欧罗巴人群,这才开始引爆欧罗巴两大支系的扩张,其中R1a1a-M17下的一支返身向东扩散,其中一支成为后来最早崛起于欧亚大草原的游牧民族斯基泰人,汉族中的R系就来自于该分支。
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