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§ 61. subjunctive § 61. subjunctive the forms. If she were coming, she would be here by now. I insist that the chairman resign! Their main demand was that the lawsuit be dropped. These sentences all contain verbs in the subjunctive mood, which is used chiefly to express the speaker’s attitude about the likelihood or factuality of a given situation. If the verbs were in the indicative mood, we would expect she was coming in the first sentence, the chairman resigns in the second, and the lawsuit is dropped in the third. 1 English has had a subjunctive mood since Old English times, but most of the functions of the old subjunctive have been taken over by auxiliary verbs like may and should, and the subjunctive survives only in very limited situations. It has a present and past form. The present form is identical to the base form of the verb, so you only notice it in the third person singular, which has no final -s, and in the case of the verb be, which has the form be instead of am, is, and are. The past subjunctive is identical with the past tense except in the case of the verb be, which uses were for all persons: If I were rich …, If he were rich …, If they were rich…. 2 The present subjunctive is most familiar to us in formulaic expressions such as God help him, be that as it may, come what may, and suffice it to say. It also occurs in that clauses used to state commands or to express intentions or necessity: We insist that he do the job properly. The committee proposes that she be appointed treasurer immediately. It is essential that we be informed of your plans. 3 Other functions include use in some conditional clauses and clauses that make concessions or express purpose. In these cases the subjunctive carries a formal tone: Whether he be opposed to the plan or not, we must seek his opinion. Even though he be opposed to the plan, we must try to implement it. They are rewriting the proposal so that it not contradict new zoning laws. 4 The subjunctive is not required in such sentences, however, and you can use indicative forms if you prefer (whether he is opposed …). 5 The past subjunctive is sometimes called the were subjunctive, since were is the only subjunctive form that is distinct from the indicative past tense. It appears chiefly in if clauses and in a few other constructions expressing hypothetical conditions: If he were sorry, he’d have apologized by now. I wish she weren’t going away. She’s already acting as if she were going to be promoted. Suppose she were to resign, what would you do then? 6 if clauses—the traditional rules. According to traditional rules, you use the subjunctive to describe an occurrence that you have presupposed to be contrary to fact: if I were ten years younger, if America were still a British Colony. The verb in the main clause of these sentences must then contain the verb would or (less frequently) should: If I were ten years younger, I would consider entering the marathon. If America were still a British colony, we would all be drinking tea in the afternoon. When the situation described by the if clause is not presupposed to be false, however, that clause must contain an indicative verb. The form of verb in the main clause will depend on your intended meaning: If Hamlet was really written by Marlowe, as many have argued, then we have underestimated Marlowe’s genius. If Kevin was out all day, then it makes sense that he couldn’t answer the phone. 7
2005十大最恶俗广告排名    2005十大最恶俗广告排名    本帖子共有回复 1 篇   第一名:脑白金   也许这是这么多年史玉柱先生的巨人大厦倒了以后,闭门造车多年终于打造出来的故意让全国人民恶心的“杰作”了,从而也使史玉柱翻了身。   第二名:黄金搭档   这也是史玉柱“杰作”,不是白金就是黄金,从原来高it科技到进入保健品市场,开始成功的是“脑黄金”再到“脑白金”又到“黄金搭档”,真可谓金色满圆啊,总之,是金就能让他赚钱。   第二名:好记星   赶在了国人突然要疯狂学习英语的年代,请出了加拿大友人大山和爱华对“好记星”大吹大擂,好象学英语只要有“好记星”,不用读、写、记和背的传统方法就完全可以学习好英语。   第四名:e百分   每次看到这个广告,我就想起周星星的《食神》里那个六年级“小”学生:“吃了撒尿牛丸之后,我每次考试都100分!”   第五名:21金维他   不知道倪大嫂是怎么突破屏障的,可能也是为了避嫌,竟然在观众面前谈起了责任,说:名气是观众给的,要对观众负责等等...真让人倒胃口,你拿了人家的钱为人家做广告是天经地义的事情,还谈什么责任?   第六名:妇炎洁   看完了这个广告,你是否也感觉空气中弥漫着一股异味...   第七名:湿毒清胶囊   这和妇炎洁的广告都应该划归到色情广告类,呵呵~~就差这个女人没有说出“我里面痒.....”了。   第八名:云南白药牙膏   一个胖男人刷了一半牙龈又出血了,难道不知道你那一口白吐沫又多恶心人吗?而且这个时候我们都是在吃饭。   第九名:金嗓子喉片   看着罗大耳朵一脸的傻笑,露出他那个中间空隙一厘米的一对大板牙,手里举着一盒金嗓子喉片 ,恐怕他连这个产品到底是有什么功效也不知道,   第十名:哈药集团广告   今天是那位李太爷天天说补盖,明天是一个个老太奶爬山、上楼不嫌累,到将口服液瓶子扔进渔缸,我们每天看到的都是说教,而不是意会的广告,所以只能记住恶俗!
Lyrics for the favorites from the past 13 years Lyrics for the favorites from the past 13 years Go back to the favorite 10 list Family Affair by Mary J. Blige Let's get it crunk, we gon' have funUp on in this dancery We got ya open, now ya floatin'So you gots to dance for meDon't need no hateration, holleratin'In this dance for meLet's get it percolatin', while you're waitingSo just dance for meCome on everybody get on upCause you know we gots to get it crunkMary j. is in the spot tonightAs I'mma make it feel alright (make it feel alright)Come on baby just party with meLet loose and set your body freeLeave your situations at the doorSo when you step inside jump on the floorLet's get it crunk, we gon' have funUp on in this dancery We got ya open, now ya floatin'So you gots to dance for meDon't need no hateration, holleratin'In this dance for meLet's get it percolatin', while you're waitingSo just dance for meIt's only gonna be about a matter of timeBefore you get loose and start loose your mindCop you a drink, go head and rock your iceCause we celebrating No More Drama in our lifeWith a great track pumpin', everybody's jumpin'Goin' ahead and twist your back and get your body bumpin'I told you leave your situations at the doorSo grab somebody and get your [behind] on the dance floorLet's get it crunk, we gon' have funUp on in this dancery We got ya open, now ya floatin'So you gots to dance for meDon't need no hateration, holleratin'In this dance for meLet's get it percolatin', while you're waitingSo just dance for meWe don't need, don't need no haters Just try to love one anotherWe just want y'all have a good timeNo more drama in your lifeWork real hard to make a dimeIf you got beef, your problem, not mineLeave all that [stuff] outsideWe're gonna celebrate all nightLet's have fun, tonight, no fightsTurn the Dre track way up high Making you dance all night and I Got some real heat for ya this timeDoesn't matter if you're white or blackLet's get crunk cuz Mary's backLet's get it crunk, we gon' have funUp on in this danceryWe got ya open, now ya floatin'So you gots to dance for meDon't need no hateration, holleratin'In this dance for meLet's get it percolatin', while you're waitingSo just dance for meGo back to the favorite 10 list --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fallin' by Alicia Keys I keep on fallin' In and out of love with you Sometimes I love you Sometimes you make me blue Sometimes I feel good At times I feel used Loving you, darling Makes me so confused I keep on fallin' In and out of love with you I never loved someone the way that I'm lovin' you Oh, oh, I Never felt this way How do you give me so much pleasure And cause me so much pain Just when I think I've taken more than would a foolI start fallin' back in love with you I keep on fallin'In and out of love with you I never loved someone the way that I'm lovin' you
Commanding Performance Commanding Performance Geena Davis, TV's "Commander in Chief," is hot -- again. But early success also included career and personal failures. Find out how this Oscar winner rebounded in every area of her life. By Michele Hatty "I really am, in many ways, living the life I always wanted." "My motto is, if a person can do it, I can do it," Geena Davis explains matter-of-factly. This does not surprise those who know the Oscar-winning actress. After all, this is a woman who has had several career-making roles in iconic films such as "Thelma & Louise" and "A League of Their Own." She's known for her smarts (she's a member of Mensa). She qualified for the semifinal Olympic trials in archery when she was in her 40s. (She turns 50 this Saturday.) During her storied life, she has learned to ice-skate, fence, ride horses, shoot pistols, practice tae kwon do, even train dogs. And now, as she portrays Mackenzie Allen, the first female president, on ABC's hit drama "Commander in Chief" (Tuesdays, 9 p.m. ET), the actress has taken up rowing. "We were trying to think of an interesting sport for the president to have, and I thought of rowing," she says. "I suggested it to the writers, and they said, 'Fantastic! Learn it.' So I started rowing three hours a day out in the marina and got pretty good at it." Still, the 6-foot-tall Davis recounts, "It's not like I was very adventurous as a kid. Coaches were desperately trying to get me to join the basketball team because I was so tall. But I was afraid to try physical challenges because I was really sure I was uncoordinated and unathletic. As an adult, I have been increasingly drawn to challenge myself." Being a risk-taker means encountering failure as well as success. Take her love life: By 1998, she had been married and divorced three times -- first to a restaurant manager, then to actor Jeff Goldblum (her co-star in 1986's The Fly), then to Finnish director Renny Harlin (her partner on 1995's disastrous pirate flick, Cutthroat Island). She also has had ups and downs as an actress. She won an Academy Award for "The Accidental Tourist" in 1988 and drew worldwide buzz in 1991's "Thelma & Louise" and 1992's "A League of Their Own." But her 20-plus-year career has included such duds as Cutthroat Island and the short-lived 2000 sitcom "The Geena Davis Show." And although she was a hot property in Hollywood in the late 1980s and early '90s, the number of quality film scripts sent her way dwindled after she turned 40. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Davis' strong characters On ABC's "Commander in Chief," Davis plays the first female U.S. president. She was free spirit Thelma in 1991's "Thelma & Louise." And as a quirky dog trainer in 1988's "The Accidental Tourist," she won an Oscar. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- That, however, was then. Now, a decade later, Davis is back on top -- in every area of her life. Her career is in great shape: "Commander in Chief" has become the only new show this year to consistently rank in the top 10, and Davis is earning kudos from critics.
了解英汉差异 走出表达误区 摘要:中国人与西方人看问题的方法在许多方面存在着差异,这种差异在外语学习中束缚着 中国学生。了解英汉表达差异可以帮助英语学习者掌握地道的英语,排除英语学习特别是英语写作中的拦路虎。 关键词:英汉思维;写作;表达方式 中图分类号:H315 文献标识码:A  Understanding the Differences between English and Chinese and Getting Rid of the Boundaries of Expressing  Shi Xiaohui (Henan Architectural Adult University Zhengzhou 450007,China) Abstract: The different thinking ways between Chinese and the people in the westerncountries greatly influence the foreign language learning of the Chinese students. So the understanding of the differences between English and Chinese will help the students master standard English and get rid of the boundaries in English writing. Key words:the different thinking way between English and Chinese; writing; the expressing way   英语写作是学生在吸收语言知识基础上再创造的过程,是学生综合语言技能的体现形式,它能较客观地反映学生的思维组织能力和语言表达能力,在很大程度上能反映英语教学的得与失。英语写作是外语教学,尤其是英语专业语言教学的重要组成部分。外语写作是一项十分复杂的活动,它涉及语言学、逻辑学、哲学、文化学、心理学等诸多学科。文化差异所导致的语言现象上的差异, 可以追溯到更深层次的思维的差异。中国学生英语作文中出现的问题,除语言差异外,更主要的是源于中西思维差异。不同社会文化背景的人,会有不同的思维方式和思维习惯,在学习新的语言时,人们会很自然地把这种习惯带到新的语言里去,产生这样或那样的不良结果。值得一提的是,中国人与西方人看问题的方法的确在许多方面存在着差异,而且这种差异的的确确在束缚着中国学生,成为他们英文写作中的拦路虎,使他们不能畅所欲言,不能准确而简洁地表达思想,陷入了种种表达误区。因此,本文就大学英语写作中常出现的问题谈谈英汉表达的几种差异。 一、首先,让我们关注一下英美人与中国人思维方式的不同 英美人的思维方式是直线式的,他们在遣词造句在谋篇上遵循着从一般(general)到具(specific),从概括(summarize)到举例(exemplify),从整体(whole)到个体(respective)的原则。请看短文: Soccer is a difficult sport.(1)A player must be able to run steadily without rest.(2)Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head.(3)Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others.(4) They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles.上面的这则短文中,主题句(main idea sentence)也就是文章的中心是第一句,(1)(2)(3)(4)句是用来说明主题句的。 而在汉语中,我们习惯于先分后总,先说原因后说结果,即所谓的"前因后果",如果要表达相同的意思,我们通常这样说:足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑,有时得用头顶球,撞别人或被别人撞,必须忍受双脚和肌肉的疼痛,所以说,足球运动是一项难度大的运动。 在表达多逻辑思维时,英语往往是判断或结论等在前,事实或描写等在后,即重心在前;汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论,即重心在后。 试比较:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。The assertion that it was ifficult,if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless
陶渊明全集!!! 1 陶渊明全集!!!   陶渊明(365~427),晋宋时期诗人、辞赋家、散文家。一名潜,字元亮,私谥靖节。浔阳柴桑(今江西九江西南)人。陶渊明出生于一个没落的仕宦家庭。曾祖陶侃是东晋开国元勋,官至大司马,都督八州军事、荆江二州刺史,封长沙郡公。陶渊明的祖父作过太守,父亲早死,母亲是东晋名士孟嘉的女儿。陶渊明一生大略可分为三个时期。 第一时期,晋孝武帝太元十七年(392)陶渊明28岁以前。由于父亲早死,他从少年时代就处于生活贫困之中。第二时期,学仕时期,从太元十八年他29岁到晋安帝义熙元年 (405)41岁。第三时期,归田时期,从晋安帝义熙二年(406)至宋文帝元嘉四年(427)病故。归田后20多年,是他创作最丰富的时期。陶渊明今存诗歌共125首,计四言诗9 首,五言诗116首。他的四言诗并不太出色。他的五言诗可大略分为两大类;一类是继承汉魏以来抒情言志传统而加以发展的咏怀诗,一类是几乎很少先例的田园诗。陶诗的艺术成就从唐代开始受到推崇,甚至被当作是“为诗之根本准则”。陶渊明死后 100多年,萧统搜集他的遗文,区分编目,编定了《陶渊明集》 8卷,并亲自写序,作传。后来,北齐阳休之又在萧本基础上,增加了别本的《五孝传》和《四八目》,合序目为10卷本《陶潜集》。阳本隋末失其序目,为9卷本。此后,别本纷出,争欲凑成10卷,北宋时宋庠又重新刊定10卷本《陶潜集》,为陶诗最早刊本。以上各本都没有传下来。今能看到的最早版本是几种南宋至元初本。主要有:曾集诗文两册本,南宋绍熙三年刊,有清光绪影刻本;汲古阁藏10卷本,南宋刊,有清代影刻本;焦□藏 8卷本,南宋刊,有焦氏明翻本,今《汉魏七十二家集》中《陶集》5卷亦即焦□翻宋本。此外,还有宋刊《东坡先生和陶渊明诗》本和元刊苏写大字本等。最早为陶诗作注的是南宋汤汉。元以后注本、评本日增。元初刊本有李公焕《笺注陶渊明集》10卷:常见有四部丛刊影印本。清代陶澍注《靖节先生集》10卷,有家刊本及文学古籍刊行社排印本。近人古直《陶靖节诗笺》,有“隅楼丛书”本,“层冰堂五种”本,后者称为《陶靖节诗笺定本》。 1-50首:命子(10首) 庚子岁五月中从都还阻风于规林二首 辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口 杂诗四首 和郭主簿二首 癸卯岁始春怀古田舍二首 劝农(六首) 和胡西曹示顾贼曹 癸卯岁十二月中作与从弟敬远 停云并序(四首) 时运并序(四首) 荣木并序(四首) 始作镇军参军经曲阿作 连雨独饮 乙巳岁三月为建威参军使都经钱溪 归园田居五首 归鸟(四首) 51-100首:责子 戊申岁六月中遇火 和刘柴桑 酬刘柴桑 庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻 移居二首 与殷晋安别并序 形影神三首 止酒 杂诗八首 丙辰岁八月中于下[氵巽]田舍获 示周续之祖企谢景夷三郎 赠羊长史并序 饮酒二十首并序 还旧居 悲从弟仲德 赠长沙公并序(四首) 酬丁柴桑 101-154首:诸人共游周家暮柏下 怨诗楚调示庞主簿邓治中 岁暮和张常侍 九日闲居 咏贫士七首 游斜川 拟古九首 桃花源诗并记 述酒 於王抚军座送客 读《山海经》十三首 腊日 答庞参军 答庞参军并序(六首) 咏二疏 咏三良 咏荆轲 有会而作并序 乞食 挽歌诗三首 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 命子 其一∶ 悠悠我祖,爰自陶唐。 邈焉虞宾,历世重光。 御龙勤夏,豕韦翼商。 穆穆司徒,厥族以昌。 其二∶ 纷纷战国,漠漠衰周。 凤隐于林,幽人在丘。 逸虬绕云,奔鲸骇流。 天集有汉,眷予愍侯。 其三∶ 放赫愍侯,运当攀龙。 抚剑风迈,显兹武功。 书誓河山,启土开封。 亹亹丞相,允迪前踪。 其四∶ 浑浑长源,蔚蔚洪柯。 群川载导,众条载罗。 时有语默,运因隆寙。 在我中晋,业融长沙。 其五∶ 桓桓长沙,伊勋伊德。 天子畴我,专征南国。
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