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知识分享 -新西兰CAA教材（人为因素） Chapter One Aviation Medicine and other Human Factors for Pilots with assessment modules-Chapter OneAviation Mediine,Human Factors,Crew Resource Management and Safety Culture "I have it here in black and white (Ben Jonson) It is important at the outset to gain ageneral understanding of what is meant by "Aviation Medicine","Human Factors","Crew ResourceManageement" and "Saftety Culture". Aviation Medicine The human body is generally well adapted for living on the Earth's surface. His involves living in the lower levels of the atmosphere, moving around at slow speeds, under normal gravitational forces of 1G and with good visibility in particular of the Earth's horizon, whichis used to determine normal orientation. Entering the flying environment, however,can put human "Earth adeptation severely to the test. During flight, the body will become subjected to the effects of climbing, often to great heights, up into the Earth's atmosphere. It also becomes subjected to the effects of moving about, often at high speads and with changing local gravitational(G) forces, at times lsing sight of the Earth's horizon. To understand what happens to the human body in these circumastances it is essential to have some understanding of normal physics or , more correctly,the normal "physiology" of the body. Only from htis can come an understanding of how normal body functioningbecomes altered by the aviation environment. Aviation medicine is thus the study of the effects and consequences of placing aperson in the aviation environment. Human Factors "Human factors" is a relatively new term in aviation that broadens the more traditional areas of aviation medicine.It does this by adding aviation psychology, which has been developing alongside aviation medicine, and aviation ergonomics/engineering, which looks at the man/machine fit or "interface". Human factors is thus ageneral term that broadly encompasses the medical, psychological and ergonomic/engineering aspects associated with being in an aircraft. Human factors arose originally out of aircraft accident in which no obvious technical cause or failure could be found. Aeroplanes and their engines and equipment have over the years become much more reliable and, these days, most accidents(more than 75 percent of them, in fact) have a human element or factor as thir main cause rather than mechanical breakdown or failure. When reivewing accidents therefore it became very important to consider not only what happened in the accident but why it happened. In other words, what were the non-technical, that is , the "human" aspects related to the accident? Terms like "pilot error" and "error of skill" are, by themselves, no longer seen as adequate explanations for accidents. Much useful aviation "lore" has arisen from the detailed study of many aviation accidents including aviation disasters. But human factors now extend far beyond accident investigation. It essentially moved into the field of accident prevention. This is a huge field, which encompasses aircraft, cockpit, instruments(see altimeters, below),check-list, systerms and "software" design, as well as optimum in flight operation and management of these. It has equal relevance to the single-engine aircraft aeroclub or private pilot, as to larger multi-engine long-range comercial aircraft and multi-pilot crews. One classic example of the importance of human factors is the design of the three-pointer altimter(left), an early design, which has the largest hand indicating hundreds of feet,the medium-sized hand indicating thousands of feet and the smallest hand indicating tens of thousands of feet. It is a poorly designed instrument as the most important part is the smallest, making it easy to misread altitude by10,000 feet! This has been the cause of a number of fatal accidents. Its much safer, more modern counterpart is shown on the right (O'Hare and Roscoe, 1990) There are, however, many other human factors that involve all types of piloting operations and these include flight crew traning and supervision, human information processing, decision making, co-operation with other aircraft and ground controller, pilot health, the eddects of illness and drugs, stress and stress management, fatigue and sleep disruption, and coping with time-zone changes and "jet-lag." Human Factors is very much about human performance and human limitations, both in the air and on the ground. Just as pilots are taught to "know their aircraft." human factors encourages pilots to know themselves."Human factors is not an entirly new concept but until recent times much of it was never specifically taught to young and upcoming pilots. Rather, the fledgling pilot was expected to "pick it up along the way" or it was seen as part of the general teaching of what was known as "airmanship".But with the advent of human factors many of the principles and practices of good airmanship can be logiclly detailed and discussed. Crew Resource Management[ CRM] Crew Resource Management(CMR,and previously known as cockpit resource managment) is a general and somewhat imprecise term that brings together a number of air safety concepts. Its is a combination of the various provisions, nedds and skills that should pervade all air operations, as away of life. CRM encompasses standard operating procedures(SOPs), the allocation of duties, air borne workload distribution, flight deck management, teamwork, interpersonal skells. procedure awareness and co-ordination, and prioritisation. Importantly, CRM also includes human factors avareness. Thus it is an all-encompassing term that takes into account all management factors inherent, and resources required to achieve safe flying. Although CRM has arisen in connection with multi-pilot crews, it in fact applies equally to single-pilot operations. Safety Culture A definition of safety culture is "an ongoing process of intellectual and practical achievement directed at eliminating all unsafe arritudes and practices. "Safety culture is an awareness of the need for minimising the risk of accidents at all level. It applies to the individual, the organisation for which he or she works, and -equally- to the aviation system within which that organisation lies. It is a general accident preventive philosophy that should flow "from the top down" and is reflected in all plicies along with all procedures that reflect those plicies. It involves hazard recognition and preventive action. It is the key to accident avoidance. It has a cost but this is always much less than the cost involeved in having an accident. Assessment Modules --for use as a slf evaluation tool --for use by teachers of human factors --use references additional to this book in preparing answers --make up additioal assessment modules more relevant to your type of flying *Explain what is meant by"aviation medicine" *Write a short piece on the origins and importance of human factors in aviation *Define the term "human factors" and brifly outline the major "human factor" considerations in your type of flying *Give a brief account of why knowledge of "human factors" is necessary fo safe flight *Explain what is meant by"safety

塞斯纳152体验飞行。新西兰的空域是人民的。想飞即飞。虽然当天下了点小雨，但是丝毫不影响视线。体验机型是塞斯纳152.在新西兰那段时间，全部交通全部用piper，没有用民航的飞机，就是两个字：方便。什么时候我们中国的通用航空可以发达到那个程度呢。视频来自：http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fv.youku.com%2Fv_show%2Fid_XNTUxNTIwNTYw.html&urlrefer=63e6d55460eade1f95acdccd67df48c1

与大家分享新西兰飞行体验的经历-感受新西兰通用航空新西兰的空域是人民的。想飞即飞。虽然当天下了点小雨，但是丝毫不影响视线。体验机型是塞斯纳152.在新西兰那段时间，全部交通全部用piper，没有用民航的飞机，就是两个字：方便。什么时候我们中国的通用航空可以发达到那个程度呢。视频来自：http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fv.youku.com%2Fv_show%2Fid_XNTUxNTIwNTYw.html&urlrefer=63e6d55460eade1f95acdccd67df48c1

与大家分享我在新西兰的体验飞行之旅当天下点小雨，总飞说，上去玩玩吧。然后我就被忽悠上去了。机型是塞斯纳152，环城一周。感觉很好玩。因为新西兰的空域是不受管制的，所以飞起来比较自由。在高空感受美丽的新西兰真是美呆了。新西兰，是你这辈子一定要去的地方之一哦。视频中间不小心尖叫了一下，那是因为总飞趁我不注意的时候玩了个特技，我完全没有安全感。不过飞过之后就明白了，这个是很安全的。视频来自：http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fv.youku.com%2Fv_show%2Fid_XNTUxNTIwNTYw.html&urlrefer=63e6d55460eade1f95acdccd67df48c1

新西兰飞行体验团。14天。体验纯净新西兰，冒险之都皇后镇照片10月份拍的，那个时候冬天刚刚结束。新西兰在南半球，季节与中国相反。用的普通卡片相机，景色看起来还是比较不错的。行程如下。日期行程住宿第一天上海-丹尼丁上海出发航班第二天丹尼丁下午抵达丹尼丁，自由活动游览丹尼丁，休息，准备迎接美好旅程。酒店休息第三天丹尼丁上午：飞行体验（塞斯纳152/172）尝试自己驾驶飞机遨游丹尼丁。下午：游览历史悠久的泰伊里峡谷火车站。酒店休息第四天丹尼丁-帝阿瑙乘公务机前往帝阿瑙，游览萤火虫洞穴。自由活动：可选择湖上游船。酒店休息第五天帝阿瑙-亚历山德拉上午：乘大巴车前往米尔福德峡湾，观赏“世界第八大奇观“ 下午：乘公务机前往亚历山德拉酒店休息第六天亚历山德拉-皇后镇上午：乘大巴车前往皇后镇，途中经停著名景点。下午：抵达皇后镇。自由活动选择：乘皇后镇Ea***aw号游览皇后镇，全程45分钟。下船后享用晚餐，游览皇后镇浪漫夜景。酒店休息第七天皇后镇-基督城乘公务机前往基督城。酒店休息第八天基督城-凯库拉乘公务机前往凯库拉，观赏壮观的白鲸群。酒店休息第九天凯库拉-惠灵顿乘公务机前往惠灵顿。游览当地景点。酒店休息第十天惠灵顿-罗托鲁瓦乘公务机前往罗托鲁瓦（Rotorua），游览当地风光。酒店休息第十一天罗托鲁瓦-奥克兰下午乘公务机前往奥克兰。下午抵达奥克兰后选择休息或自由活动。酒店休息第十二天奥克兰参观奥克兰著名大学，感受当地教育文化。游览奥克兰著名景点酒店休息第十三天奥克兰尽情享受奥克兰免税购物酒店休息第十四天奥克兰-中国返程回国航班

晒下学校的飞机。机库外。青山白云，鸟声依依。

新西兰执行，尝试低空飞行，很好玩。新西兰是一个美的让你去了不想回的地方。一个适合蜜月私奔的地方。

“请教”是哪位人本主义心理学家创造“患者治疗中心”的人本主义心理学家是

为中国的未来担忧为什么咨询招飞的同学里百分之90关心的问题都是视力？要不就是当飞行员的薪水！最弱的就是问以后开什么飞机？训练的时候为什么开小飞机？下一代的常识教育要加强了。

无聊随便写点流水文中国目前持有飞行执照的总人数包括私照是2万4千多。这个数字意味着什么？美国光女飞数量就是3万5千多。中国航空发展空间大不大从数据就可以看出来。飞行员最好就业时期就是这两年，所以想从事这个行业就得趁早。等到大家都认识到这点，一拥而风的时候，再去学，就多了很多竞争对手了。但是很多人又会觉得有风险。试问现在做什么事情无风险呢？没有吃螃蟹的勇气就不要妄想吃螃蟹了。刚开始恢复高考制度的时候很少人愿意去读大学，都觉得“接班”更踏实，等到大家发现上大学不但可以保就业，还能从工人身份变成干部身份的时候，上大学就是所有人的目标了。现在大家都知道上大学出来一样面临就业压力，但一样会选择去读。想对个别90后的后备们说，多读点书，多学点实用的知识，以后做什么不重要，但是不要一开口提出的问题让人一听就觉得你没文化，没常识。尽早把那顶“脑残”的帽子摘下来。未来还要靠你们。想对那些每天在这里发帖想找飞行员做男友的小女孩说：您能不这么二儿吗。这么有时间多读点书充实下大脑成不。飞行员可能是一个比较辛苦的职业，但是我个人觉得似乎没有矿工辛苦，也没有种地辛苦，对吧？既然这样，就不要填天抱怨自己有多累，自己有多苦。看看这里多是后辈都在想尽办法成为飞行员，你们也曾是其中一员，你在这里抱怨，真是有点炫耀的嫌疑呀。怕累，怕苦，要么换工作，要么别活。你抱怨多少也改变不了你的现状，不如乐观点描述些快乐的东西让后辈看看，如果每个人都乐观点平和些，多制造些乐观的氛围，心情自然好，心情好了，做什么都不觉得苦了。

学飞，考飞交流群虽然不是我开的群，但是我觉得这个平台不错，就推广下。132657431

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飞行员培训讨论群想学飞的，正在学的…… 132657431

大陆航空6月末飞行员体检体检通知：6月29日，30日北京民航医院体检。欲10月份学习飞行同学或是想知道自己身体条件是否符合飞行员标准的同学即日起即可报名

大陆航空体检体检通知：6月29日，30日北京民航医院体检。欲10月份学习飞行同学或是想知道自己身体条件是否符合飞行员标准的同学即日起即可报名。

被停飞的同学们会选择什么道路是自费学飞还是转专业从事地勤工作呢

你想成为飞行员吗

为什么学校的电话录音是海口经济学院

有想学飞行的同学吗

停飞的同学们，祝福你们的未来会更好前些日子一个飞院的学生告诉我他的好朋友被停飞了。眼看还有一年就毕业了，这样的通知一定是灾难性的。不管他是要选择自费去学，还是转专业，我相信他的未来不会被一次停飞毁掉。每个人都要经历次成长，难免要面对些彷徨，悲伤，痛苦。这人生就像电波，有波谷，自然就有波峰，没到觉得自己快要挺不下去的时候，转机马上就到了。希望所有停飞的同学们都振作起来，你们的未来是由自己的努力来创造的。成功的路有很多，总有一条是属于你的。

想转飞的有木有？

未来航空市场会发展成神马样子哦根据新西兰贸易与企业协会NZTE的数据，中国计划在2020年前花费930亿元建造97个新机场，NZTE估计到2015年中国需要2500架飞机和5000名飞行员。而据本月美国飞机制造商波音公司预测，今后20年内，全球必须培训和聘用46万多名新飞行员，其中增长速度最快的是亚洲，特别是中国，未来20年需要7万飞行员和9.64万机务人员。波音公司特别指出，对飞行员和地勤人员需求量的增加40%来自亚洲。国际空运协会的总干事G Bisignani也警告说，在中国，对飞行员的需求可能要超出现有和计划中培训设施可容纳人数的两到三倍，如不能满足需求，中国有可能被迫从国外招聘飞行员。这对于新西兰的航空业能产生美好的远景——新西兰虽不算航空大国，却是世界上人均飞行器拥有率最高的国家之一，有超过500种机型在新西兰上空飞行，400多万人口一共拥有700多架直升机，加之国际化的培训水准和优良的空域范围，使得本地飞行培训行业仍然有自豪，有自信。

你们都在做什么。

机务，空保，空姐……会有选择转飞行员的念头吗？前不久遇到一个做机务的男生来报名，曾经被停飞后来不得以转成机务。每天工作很辛苦，后来决定学飞行。他告诉我他的同事也正准备去学。我知道很多民航从业人员都很希望转成飞行员，同样是辛苦为什么不做辛苦有赚钱多的呢？是不是大部分这类从业人员都有过这样的想法呢？

大家好。你们都是海航的员工吗？海航的待遇怎么样。他们的招飞条件是如何的？

为什么都在骂南航，你们都是南航的员工吗？

请教小提琴专家：我的小提琴开胶了怎么办好久没用了，今天突然发现它开胶了。这个修起来麻烦吗，修好后会影响音色吗，修一次大概多少钱？多谢！

在飞行员吧里面的朋友，你们平时都逛什么吧是不是这里的大部分都是90后？

图---飞行大家庭 http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fjob.carnoc.com%2Fedu%2FMainland%2F20110304.html&urlrefer=f640327fe05b317b2080d7369333dc32

飞行员体检前不要做的事 7天内不要喝酒，不要吃抗生素类的药物，体检当天早上不要进食，喝水；不要吃腥辣油腻食物，如果血脂高可以在体检前一天多喝水。不要剧烈运动，不要失眠，不要紧张，不要兴奋。检查精神科时，无论医生是拿着小刷子在你身上刷，还是挠你痒痒，一定要有所反应。体检时多做深呼吸，以缓解结账情绪。若水某项不合格，如果看到医生是用铅笔在上面写，那就要注意了。还有次机会。

招飞

有想当飞行员的童鞋吗。

课程设置：学院设有私人飞行员执照（PPL）课程、商用飞行员执照（CPL）课程、多发仪表等级（MIR）课程、教员等级（Instructor）C-Cat课程及ESL语言课程。招收对象： • 自费学员：学员自付全部培训费用及餐饮、住宿费用； • 半自费委培学员：学员负担部分费用（具体视学员情况而定），毕业后安排工作。入学条件：男性身高168-187CM，体重不低于50公斤；女性身高160—175CM，体重不低于45公斤。无晕车、晕船；无骨与关节疾病或畸形；无“O”型或“X”型腿；无口吃，口齿清楚、发音准确；任何一眼的裸眼视力高于C字表0.3（可参考E字表的4.9或0.9以上），未做过激光矫正手术或OK镜矫正；无色盲、色弱、斜视；无较重的砂眼或倒睫；无久治不愈的皮肤病，如头癣、湿疹、牛皮癣、慢性荨麻疹等；无肾炎或血尿，蛋白尿；无慢性肠胃道疾病；无肺结核；无肝炎或肝脾肿大，无HbsAg阳性；无传染病史、精神病家族史、癫痫病史；无颜面五官明显不对称；无耳朵流脓、听力差、经常耳鸣症报名流程：报名申请安排体检学校录取办理签证境外培训回国就业/境外就业/留校任教学习时间：商照打包课程约52周（如需语言课程，时间另计）联系qq:1767418885

图----飞行训练

图---俯瞻大地

图---他在做什么？ ---

图--航拍夕阳余晖

图--美女工作人员检查飞机

图----飞行中

图--飞行航拍

图--翱翔于高空

集体偷懒，机翼下乘凉

机翼下乘凉

飞行培训--理论课中

集体沙滩训练----壮观的机群

飞行训练--沙滩练习

沙滩练习。猜猜这是什么飞机？

哪位同学开过这样的飞机了。这是我们学校地

训练机照片。有飞行爱好的朋友欢迎加我qq1767418885.希望可以互相学习。

晒晒我们学校的灰机。有没有兴趣开开？

想成为飞行员的朋友，欢迎向我提问。希望能帮助到你们。 qq1767418885. 希望能用我浅薄的知识帮助有需要的人。同时也希望学习更多新的知识，结交新的朋友。

想成为飞行员的朋友，欢迎向我提问。希望能帮助到你们。 qq1767418885

报考民航自费飞行学员有何风险？学生入校后存在大约10%-15%的淘汰率，自费飞行学员属于飞行技能培训，学员在培训期间被淘汰后，已发生的费用不予退还，航空公司不负责安排工作。

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