兰景宽 兰景宽
小学5年遇文革停课,68年上中学,70年开始学习,71年毕业下乡,76年回城做车工.77年11月知高考恢复,用半年的工作之余速学中学课程,于78年7月考入中国医科大学医学专业,83年毕业分至阜新市中医院.
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终于完成了…… 用了大约有6、7年的时间,没想道用了这么长的时间;没想到文章会写的这么长;没想到会有如此完美的结局。但有一点是早就想到的,就是不会有人看,所以我现在只想将书稿备案,请网友帮忙如何备案最省钱?谢谢! 文章太长,不知道如何发出来,先给出简介,如果有人想看,或许可以给出目录。 《狭义相对论另诠释》内容简介:本文认为,由天才的爱因斯坦创建的狭义相对论,其本身作为一个正确的时空理论,是毫无疑问的,但传统诠释存在2个不足:1、以狭义相对性原理和光速不变原理为逻辑起点,先推出时空坐标变换(洛伦兹变换),再由后者推导物质的时空性质(即运动的钟慢尺缩等效应),是由宏观到宏观、由相对到相对、由抽象到抽象的诠释方式。虽然具有简洁性的优点,但由于回避了相对与绝对的联系,绕开了时空现象的物理机制,使狭义相对论成为一个有果无因的、既抽象又神秘的理论,不仅不利于对其物理本质的理解,也妨碍了对物质时空属性的进一步认识。2、直接以狭义相对性原理为假设条件,割裂了相对现象与绝对效应的联系,所以得出的结论是:运动都是相对的,运动引发的时空效应——钟慢、尺缩等(后文简称SR效应),是纯相对性效应,适合所有的物理对象。但实际上,由于德布罗意波的频率,与动量呈正比;电磁波恒以C速运动,所以其频率、波长显然不适合用SR效应描述。虽然传统诠释采用绕行方式,将狭义相对论的适用范围,定义在宏观尺度内,回避了德布罗意波现象,但却无法回避电磁波的波动现象,实际上,传统诠释在推导电磁波的多普勒效应时,引入了SR效应,导致电磁波的多普勒效应表达式,无法与电磁波自身的属性保持一致,详见《另诠释》第8章。 《狭义相对论另诠释》,只用一个假设条件——对微观粒子运动速率的假设(后文简称κ粒子假设)为逻辑起点,利用严格的数学方法,并辅以直观的图示,先推出物质的时空性质(指时间、空间,随运改变的规律),再由后者推出时空坐标变换。是从微观到宏观、从简单到复杂、从绝对到相对的方式,演绎了狭义相对论。同时,不仅推出了它的两条基本原理,阐明了SR效应的形成机制,证明了从静止系出发,也可以构建满足狭义相对性原理的时空理论;还指出了狭义相对性原理的适用范围,(见《另诠释》第8章),圆满地解决了传统诠释的局限性,维持了狭义相对论在物理学中的地位;同时也解开了光速C为什么是物理世界普适常数之谜。
求译成中文 Reinterpretation of Theory ofSpecial Relativity (SR) Abstract and instructions: It was no doubt that the SR was acorrect theory of space and time. However, there were two deficiencies in thetraditional interpretation of the SR theory. 1) The SR theory was theorizedform the principle of special relativity and the permanent principle of lightvelocity. In this process, the time-space coordinate transformation (Lorentztransformation) was derived in the first place, and then the materialproperties of space and time (Time Dilation Effect and Length ContractionEffect) is obtained. Therefore, the SR theory was interpreted from the abstracttheory to the abstract mathematical expression, finally to the interpretationof the phenomenon of relativity. The traditional SR theory was very concise,but it was abstract and mysterious as a result of lacking the microcosmicphysical picture, avoiding the relationship between relative and absolute, and bypassingthe physical mechanism of space and time. These deficiencies were bad forpeople's understanding of SR physical nature, and hindered people to further understandthe material properties of time and space. 2) The hypothesis of the SRtheory was not perfect (See Section 3). The principle of special relativity meansthat the laws of physics in all inertial systems possess the same form. Thepermanent principle of light velocity means the speed of light in all inertial systemsis constant as c. There was a part of the overlap in these two hypothesis,which didn't meet the independence requirement of perfect hypothesis. In this paper, using κ-particle hypothesis(a micro particle movement rate assumption) as a logic starting point, thematerial properties of space and time was deduced, and then Time-spacecoordinate transformation was derived. The interpretation of the SR theory inthis paper was from microcosmic to macroscopic and from absolute to relative.This paper not only deduced two basic hypothesis of the SR theory, but also illuminatedthe space-time properties and the effect of SR (The change law of time, spaceand quality, which caused by the movement). Furthermore, this paper proved thatthe space and time of SR could be theorized from the rest reference frame, andbesides pointed out the applicable scope of the SR theory. (It is suitable forthe physical phenomenon caused by the velocity of κ-particle, called ‘the velocityphenomenon of κ-particle’. It is not suitable for the physical phenomenoncaused by the mode of κ-particle motion,such as the vibration frequency of electromagnetic wave, detailed in section 9.) Thispaper pointed out that the basic assumption of Physics was ‘There were laws inthe physical world’. This basic assumption seemed to be vacuous, but it containedthe mass conservation law, the equipartition principle of energy or material, thebasic properties of space and time, and so on, which were followed by allphysics. This basic assumption of Physics could not be derived from otherphysics principle, and was frequently used in the default mode. Therefore, theinterpretation of the traditional SR theory also could not leave this basicassumption. For example, the space and time homogeneous condition needed to be introducedin the process of deducing the coordinate transformation, and the mass conservationlaw needed to be introduced in the process of deducing the mass-velocityrelation. These two conditions were derived from two basic principle of the SRtheory (detailed insection 3 ). Thispaper enriched some important expressions ignored by the traditional SR theory.For example, the general form of the SR time-space coordinate transformation wasderived, through which the traditional Lorentz transformation could be obtained. Inorder to increase the credibility, this paper used different ways of deductionfor some inscrutable conclusions. The good-readability part was arranged in themain body, and the poor-readability part was arranged in the appendix. For theintuitive understanding of the SR theory, this article also increased thecontrast of the SR and the classical theories using graphics, and theinterpretation from absolute to relative. The cost was a lengthy narrative andnot concise, compared with the traditional SR theory. Inaddition: 1) In history, people attempted to interpret the SR theory from theabsolute effect and the microscopic mechanism, but all failed. The reason wasthat human understanding on the kinetics of material microscopic level was notenough. This article used the micro particle motion mechanism to interpret theSR theory, not to repeat it. 2) Under the κ-particle hypothesis, the SR theory wasno longer a general principle, and the method of measuring the velocity relativeto the vacuum existed. However, this article did not break the SR theoryframework to build a unified time and space theory, and perfected thetraditional SR theory. 3) The basic knowledge was the key to understand the SRtheory, and the reader must not look down on the content of the former three sections.
发射源运动与接收器运动的多普勒效应是一样的 请进化的力学看看,下面的计算过程有没有错误。 本贴以经典理论为例 ⑴ 发射源与接收器接近运动 ① 发射源运动、接收器静止 由于发射源的运动与波的运动同向,所以发射源相对波的速度为U-V,这样两次发射的空间间隔(波长)为:λ=(U-V)T’,因为 ω=U/λ=U/(U-V)T’=ω’U/(U-V)=ω’/(1-V/U) 根据伽利略速度变换,此种情况下变换式为U=U’+V,所以得: ω=ω’(U’+V)/U’ =ω’(1+V/U’)……(1-1) 当波的速度等于光速C时,根据伽利略变换和发射源运动接收器静止,可知U=C,U’=C-V,上面的关系式化为: ω=ω’[1+V(C-V)]=ω’(1-V/C)……(1-2); ② 发射源静止、接收器运动 因为接收器相对波的运动速度是U=U’+V,而发射波长是 ,所以接收的频率为: ω=1/T=1/[λ’/(U’+V)]=(U’+V)/U’T’=ω’(1+V/U’) 和发射源运动、接收器静止的结果(1-1)式一样。 但当波的速度等于光速C时,根据伽利略变换和发射源静止,可知U’=C,U=C+V,上面的关系式化为: ω=ω’(1+V/C) 与发射源运动的结果(1-2)式不同,这表明可以利用电磁波的多普勒效应测量发射源和接收器究竟谁在运动。 ⑵ 发射源与接收器远离运动 ① 发射源运动、接收器静止 由于发射源的运动与波的运动反向,所以发射源相对波的速度为U+V,这样两次发射的空间间隔(波长)为: =(U+V)T’ 因为 ω=1/T=U/ =U/(U+V)T’=ω’U/(U+V)=ω’/(1+V/U) 根据伽利略速度变换,此种情况下变换式为U=U’-V,所以得: ω=ω’(U’-V)/U’ =ω’(1-V/U’)……(2-1) 当波的速度等于光速C时,根据伽利略变换和发射源运动接收器静止,可知U=C,U’=C+V,上面的关系式化为: ω=ω’[1-V(C+V)]=ω’/(1+V/C)……(2-2) ② 发射源静止、接收器运动 因为接收器相对波的运动速度是U=U’-V,而发射波长是 ,所以接收的频率为: ω=1/T=1/[λ’/(U’+V)]=(U’-V)/U’T’=ω’(1-V/U’) 与发射源运动、接收器静时的结果(1-1)是一样的。 当波的速度等于光速C时,根据伽利略变换和发射源静止、接收器运动,可知U’=C,U=C-V,上面的关系式化为: ω=ω’(1-V/C) 与发射源运动、接收器静止时的结果(2-2)不同,这表明可以利用电磁波的多普勒效应测量发射源和接收器究竟谁在运动。 ⑶ 总结 其结果与对SR的多普勒效应公式取V/C=0时是一样的。即根据经典时空观,无法利用机械波的多普勒效应测量绝对运动,可以利用电磁波的多普勒效应测量绝对运动。或者说在伽利略变换下,机械波的多普勒效应满足相对性原理,电磁波则不满足。
相对性原理与时空均匀性关系的再讨论 对下面的内容,请吧友发表看法。 有学者(蔡伯廉教授)认为‘时空均匀性’根源于(狭义)相对性原理,认为:“基于相对性原理,由于S系和 S’系都是惯性系,自S’系观测P作惯性运动,自S系观测P也必定是惯性运动,两者的差别只可能是做惯性运动的速度有所不同。因此S系和 S’系之间的时空变换一定是线性变换,否则,就会出现自S’观测到的惯性运动,在S系却不是惯性运动,或反之。” 《相对论教材》第4页]; 即蔡教授认为:如果惯性系之间的时空变换满足相对性原理,其变换就一定是线性的,而线性变换是时空均匀性的数学特征,所以表明相对性原理包含着时空均匀性这个内容。 但我认为,时空均匀性并不是相对性原理的必要条件,因为如果自S’系观测到的惯性运动P',在S系不是惯性运动,但只要自S观测到的惯性运动P,在S’系也不是惯性运动,即两者观测的结果是对称的就不一定会破坏相对性原理。 例如在广义相对论中,时空均匀性不再成立,任意参照系之间的时空变换,也不满足线性关系了,但相对性原理却依然有效。对于惯性系K和非惯性K’来说,虽然从K’观测是某P’是惯性运动,从K测就是非惯性运动,反之从K观测是某P是惯性运动,从K’测也非惯性运动,但通过重力场的引入(等效原理),在K与K’之间仍然可以应用相对性原理,所以相对性原理并不是时空均匀性的充分条件,线性变换也不是相对性原理的必要条件。 同时,由时空均匀性可以得出物质质量、能量等守恒定律,而由(狭义)相对性原理却无法得出,因为(狭义)相对性原理只能认定不同的惯性系具有相同的性质(或物理规律在不同惯性系具有相同的表现形式),并不能认定这种相同性质(或物理规律)的具体形式,而均匀性正是时空的一种具体的性质,所以不能囊括在相对性原理之中。作为任何物理假设,其内涵必须是‘纯净的’。 由于物质的质量、能量等守恒定律,是SR中的质速关系的必要(假设)条件,所以如果在SR的假设条件中不明确引入空时均匀性,那在推导质速关系时,物质的质量、能量守恒定律就会以新假设条件的身份出现,也就是说,无论如何仅仅由狭义相对性原理和光速不变原理这两条假设是无法构建一个完整的SR体系的。再考虑到物理学作为一门科学应该是清清楚楚的,尽可能地减少暗含的条件和观点,所以我认为应该把惯性系的时空性质是均匀性的,明确作为SR的单独假设条件。
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