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读报:美国法律的混乱现状 在许多观点看来,美国是个法律最健全的国家。然而近年来的美国法学界就民事赔赏法陷入了一场大争论,不仅牵动了法学界劳工界,消费者和企业各自的联合会,还把政府也拖了进来,形成前所未有的混乱。布什在签署新的CAFA法令时也宣称,近年来有关民事赔赏的诉讼费每年已达到2460亿美元,已经开始损害美国的经济和社会了。美国商业周刊近期对此专门开辟了一个讨论。讨论把这一混乱的根源追述到100年前的著名案例《三角地火灾惨案》。1911年,纽约市三角地的一个服装厂发生火灾惨案,造成146名女工死亡。这是美国工业革命以来的最大惨案。这些女工都是移民,工作环境恶劣,企业主玩忽职守,火灾发生时很多门都是锁着的。事后企业主给每个死者的赔赏才75美金。然而,这次火灾深深触动了美国社会各界,不仅是当时的妇女联合会和劳工界。也触动了美国的学术界和立法界,围绕民事赔赏的讨论由此开始。几年后各种相关的法规方案纷纷出笼。《三角地案例》成了一个重要的历史分水岭。在这之前的美国,一个矿工如果因事故失去了自己的胳膊,就只能看着自己的妻女沿街乞讨。三角地惨案后,人们的看法改变了,不再用“一车煤=5元”这样简单的公式去计算资本和劳动力之间的交换是否等价。因为付出这劳动力的是活生生的人,这人的背后是他的家庭。他们是组成社会的基本元素。讨论由此开始却无法结束,牵涉到人的价值这一严肃问题时,没人可以给出定论。而且随着社会的发展,人的价值也越来越受到重视。商业周刊指出,今天的民事赔赏法改革已经不仅仅局限于简单的经济政策上的讨论了,这已成为对公正以及社会的最终价值取向的讨论。人们对这个问题的感觉主要取决于他们对个人责任和对私营企业的社会公共责任的看法。Cornell大学的法学教授Douglas A. Kyser说:“这场讨论的根本点在于,我们究竟要什么样的美国文化。人们已经开始用民事赔赏法的术语来讨论深层次的政治论题。”注:CAFA法令――Class Action Fairness Act :集团起诉公平法
Cause and Effect --一首马修连恩自己最看重的作品 From the CD "In So Many Words" http://www.matthewlien.com/audio/cause_and_effect.mp3歌词:And the man declared All the dirt, the dust and hair Will vanish right into the air For a little while You can purchase with a smile And a credit card, without a care It never seemed that notable Those cartridges, disposable Just go away come garbage day The tragedy in utero Reveals a bleeding embryo An ecosystem in decay (Chorus) This is spiritual neglect This is cause and effect And so With every move that you select You are the cause and the effect And so it goes It's a polished act As you present the basic facts And the sale was unilateral And the papers said "More than fifty thousand dead" And the damage was collateral The sounds of bombs and fire alarms A mother with her babe in arms Hurries toward the cellar door Fire burned within her heart The strike was swift, the bomb was smart A flash of light and nothing more (Chorus) This is spiritual neglect This is cause and effect And so With every move that you select You are the cause and the effect And so it goes Oh... Every deal and every pact Every time you fail to act Every wrapper, plastic tray Everything you throw away And every time you cast your vote Wars, domestic and remote Everything you've ever heard Every move and every word... And the lion said "Praise to God, the lamb is dead Hail the mighty interest rate" And the path was found To attain the higher ground Where the corporate raiders congregate But in a far and distant land Dying in the desert sand The victim of hypocrisy How could no one recognize Reflected in that child's eyes Was fear and pain and you and me (Chorus) This is spiritual neglect This is cause and effect And so With every move that you select You are the cause and the effect And so... This is all that you direct You are the cause and the effect And so With every move that you select You are the cause and the effect And so... it goes
Cause and Effect --一首马修连恩自己最看重的作品 From the CD "In So Many Words" http://www.matthewlien.com/audio/cause_and_effect.mp3歌词:And the man declared All the dirt, the dust and hair Will vanish right into the air For a little while You can purchase with a smile And a credit card, without a care It never seemed that notable Those cartridges, disposable Just go away come garbage day The tragedy in utero Reveals a bleeding embryo An ecosystem in decay (Chorus) This is spiritual neglect This is cause and effect And so With every move that you select You are the cause and the effect And so it goes It's a polished act As you present the basic facts And the sale was unilateral And the papers said "More than fifty thousand dead" And the damage was collateral The sounds of bombs and fire alarms A mother with her babe in arms Hurries toward the cellar door Fire burned within her heart The strike was swift, the bomb was smart A flash of light and nothing more (Chorus) This is spiritual neglect This is cause and effect And so With every move that you select You are the cause and the effect And so it goes Oh... Every deal and every pact Every time you fail to act Every wrapper, plastic tray Everything you throw away And every time you cast your vote Wars, domestic and remote Everything you've ever heard Every move and every word... And the lion said "Praise to God, the lamb is dead Hail the mighty interest rate" And the path was found To attain the higher ground Where the corporate raiders congregate But in a far and distant land Dying in the desert sand The victim of hypocrisy How could no one recognize Reflected in that child's eyes Was fear and pain and you and me (Chorus) This is spiritual neglect This is cause and effect And so With every move that you select You are the cause and the effect And so... This is all that you direct You are the cause and the effect And so With every move that you select You are the cause and the effect And so... it goes
Everything is meaningless 原文:一个清华学生在香港留学受到的心灵震憾 (有删节)  多年的功利教育的辛勤培养,我一路顺当地走过来,发现完全的上当。我在成功的通过了一次次考后,最终都不知道我为什么要通过这些占距人生的考试,这个所谓的优秀学生只是在不停地让自己去符合那个“优秀”的外在标准来麻痹自己的虚荣心,而自己,那个真正的自己却一直没有存在过,没有发育过。年年得奖学金的清华毕业生是了这么一个怪物:不知道自己要什么,也不知道生活是什么,对社会毫无接触.硕士博士的路就在眼前,可是不知道还应不应该这样走下去,这状态难道就是我的追求?一个智商还不错的人努力多年就变成这样?这是一个问题,很早就有了,只不过太晚地暴露出来,…   来自发展中国家的人,难免在神情上都多一丝生存紧张,中国在海外的留学生尤其让人感觉到这一点。看不到出自内心的笑,连谈话时也似乎只有一个主题:今后有什么打算?每做一件事,都在问自己:对我有没有好处?   坦白的说我自己刚到香港时就是这样,只觉得自己多么没着落,无根无底的飘在他乡,我要努力啊,绝不可浪费自己的任何精力,房子,车子,名誉,地位,还有漂亮老婆,我什么都要啊。要学最能给我带来利益的东西,去做最有利自己的事情,直到我成功。   人追求极端就会失去内心的平衡。我很快让我的功利心理逼到无路可走了,对所学的东西怀疑,担心自己变成书呆子,对自己没有信心,找不到真正的朋友,找不到让身心平静的乐趣,每天都在心潮起伏。最后我去找学生辅导员。愚蠢的诉说倒不多提了,不过我记得他大胡子的脸有了微笑,眼睛里放出宽容而温和的光。他告诉我觉的我很有意思,他第一次遇到这么坦白的学生。“那些东西有什么意义呢,你怀疑得很好。“之后就翻出圣经来,给我读某些章。   Everything is meaningless.竟是圣经里的话语。 那是我看到的最为震惊的一句话, 也是我后来觉得最深刻的一句话。中国人很难理解,对在功利教育里熏陶过来,缺少人格教育的中国学生,更无异于晴天霹雳。 成绩,offer, 学位,每天拼命算计的东西有什么意义?假设你突然死掉,世界将会怎样?世界将一样绚丽,地球转的一样快。一样的花开花落,潮起潮落。如果上帝存在,在他的眼里,你是多么可怜的小虫子,在活着的短暂岁月里,在最美好的青春里,都不曾快乐过,只是出于对未来的没有信心,小小的心灵在接近熄灭的一天还在发出那个愚蠢的声音,让你忙碌,让你忧虑的声音:我要,我还要。  我不是在传教,当时的辅导员也不是在传教,但是让我立刻看到自身的渺小,物质追求的虚妄,内心的愚昧。看看资本主义的学生辅导,是不是比我们这边高明多了?马哲曾帮助过我们什么?   不要忧虑“不要为明天忧虑,天上的飞鸟,不耕种也不收获,上天尚且要养活它,田野里的百合花,从不忧虑它能不能开花,是不是可以开得和其它一样美,但是它就自然的开花了,开得比所罗门皇冠上的珍珠还美。你呢,忧虑什么呢? 人比飞鸟和百合花贵重多了,上帝会弃你不顾吗?”   一个朋友告诉我,他在等美国 offer 的时候,常常梦到接到牛校offer, 过度兴奋到醒,更为郁郁,感慨 “但愿长醉不复醒”。 这样的故事大家听了不会太惊诧,由此不难理解《儒林外史》中的进中举了。 而得到offer的人到了海外,往往要经历更多的梦醒时分。   为什么活得这么累? 生命本是如此美丽,连飞鸟和野花都可以尽情地享受上天的恩赐,而这些有高等思维的聪明人,却活活让思维搞得神情郁郁,哀声叹气。   常有人感叹西方人笑起来那么真实,那么出自内心,探讨起来,又归结到他们更有钱,他们的社会更发达。可我觉得那不是原因。原因就是他们比中国学生更接近飞鸟和野花罢了,更接近《阿甘正传》里的弱智罢了。他们更天真,相信那个万能的上帝会永不遗弃他,所以他们可以少想很多的问题,反而过得更顺利,在团队里表现得更凝聚,因为过分的私心是无法向大家共同的上帝交代的,他们可以很快做出一个Microsoft,一 个Dell,但是大家可以看看中国的北大方正,联想,新浪, 管理层一年的地震比台湾还多, 这么多年来,连冲出亚洲的野心都没有真正实现过。中国学生总是怀疑这个看不见的上帝是否存在,更在私下里说,他对我能带来好处吗?其实中国人什么都不信,只信好处,从古时的考八股起,读书就是为了好处。因此,大家每天活在害怕没有好处的忧郁里,想靠自己小小的思维,在着巨大的世界系统里去谋取好处,上帝忍了泪水,背过脸去。思维的无奈我并不主张虚无,尽管我在上一篇文章里尽力去指出物质追求的虚妄。
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