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电邮揭露孟山都在塞拉利尼研究被撤回一事中所起的作用 以下是英文原文: Emails reveal role of Monsanto in Séralini study retraction Editor at the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology invited Monsanto scientists to review a study that found toxic effects from Monsanto products, reports French newspaper Le Monde In September 2012 the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT) published the research of a team led by the French biologist Professor Gilles-Eric Séralini, which found liver and kidney toxicity and hormonal disturbances in rats fed Monsanto’s GM maize NK603 and very small doses of the Roundup herbicide it is grown with, over a long-term period. An additional observation was a trend of increased tumours in most treatment groups. In November 2013 the study was retracted by the journal’s editor, A. Wallace Hayes, after the appointment of a former Monsanto scientist, Richard E. Goodman, to the editorial board and a non-transparent review process by nameless people that took several months. Did Monsanto pressure the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT) to retract the study? French journalist Stéphane Foucart addresses this question in an article for Le Monde. The article shows the total subordination of Goodman to Monsanto. It also reveals how Hayes played a double role in the retraction of the study, acting behind the scenes to encourage Monsanto scientists to join the reviewing panel that would feed their views into the decision to retract. Influence of chemical companies on academics Foucart examined emails disclosed as a result of a freedom of information request submitted by the food transparency organisation US Right to Know (USRTK). Foucart writes that the emails “reveal the influence of the chemical companies on some academics”. Foucart points out that scientific papers are normally retracted only due to fraud, plagiarism, or honest error. Séralini’s study did not fall into any of these categories and was the first to be retracted on grounds of "inconclusiveness”. Supporters of Séralini challenged a newcomer to the editorial board of FCT, in charge of biotechnology. Richard E. Goodman is a Professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln (USA) and specialist food allergens. He is also a former employee of Monsanto, which he left in 2004. FCT biotechnology editor had “remarkable closeness” to Monsanto Foucart writes that emails obtained by USRTK show “a remarkable closeness” between Goodman and his old employer. In reality, however, as Foucart points out, the relationship between Goodman and Monsanto is not so old. Goodman himself wrote in a message of 2012 that "50% of [his] salary” actually comes from a project funded by Monsanto, Bayer, BASF, Dow, DuPont and Syngenta, and consists of establishing a database of food allergens. This fact, Foucart notes, creates “links, or even a subordinate relationship” between Goodman and Monsanto. Foucart goes on to explain how that subordinate relationship manifested in an incident that happened in May 2012, before the publication of the Séralini paper in September of that year: “After the publication of a newspaper article in which he is quoted, Goodman, not yet an editor at FCT, is sharply brought to order by a Monsanto employee. The latter tells the professor that his opinion seems to have been interpreted by the journalist as ‘suggesting that we do not know enough about biotechnologies to say that they are safe’. In return, Goodman wrote a collective message to all his correspondents in the six biotechnology companies that fund his work. ‘I apologize to you and your companies,’ he wrote, adding that he was misunderstood by the journalist.” Industry financing of science imposes control over researcher Foucart comments that the financing of scientific work by industry means for university researchers a commitment that goes far beyond the simple production of knowledge: “It imposes a form of control over the public discourse of the researcher.” In August 2012, Goodman took the lead and warned his sponsors that he would be interviewed by National Public Radio on the safety of GMOs. "Would you participate in a media training session before the interview?”, asked one of his correspondents. It is not known whether Goodman accepted this proposal, as he did not respond to Le Monde’s inquiries. A month later, in September 2012, the study by Gilles-Eric Séralini was published. Goodman was not at the time a member of the editorial board of FCT. On 19 September, Foucart writes, Goodman informed his Monsanto correspondent about the publication of the Séralini’s article and that he “would appreciate" it if the firm could provide him with criticisms. "We're reviewing the paper,” the Monsanto correspondent replies. “I will send you the arguments that we have developed." A few days later, Foucart writes, Goodman was named “associate editor" of FCT, on the decision of the toxicologist Wallace Hayes, then editor of the journal. This appointment was not publicly announced until February 2013. Foucart notes that the addition of Goodman on the editorial board of the magazine was actually a direct and immediate consequence of the publication of Seralini. On November 2, 2012, when the "Séralini affair” was in full flow, Hayes announced in an email to Monsanto employees that Goodman would from now on be in charge of biotechnology at the journal. Hayes added: "My request, as editor, and from Professor Goodman, is that those of you who are highly critical of the recent paper by Séralini and his co-authors volunteer as potential reviewers." Foucart comments that Hayes was formally inviting Monsanto toxicologists to appraise for acceptance or rejection studies on GMOs that are submitted to the journal for review. The documents consulted by Le Monde did not say if Hayes - who has not responded to Le Monde’s inquiries - limited this request to Monsanto scientists. This confirms that we at GMWatch were right to question the arrival of Goodman on the editorial board. It also shows that we were right to criticise the non-transparency of the second round of review (the first review being the one that led to the study being published). Some observers told us they thought it was acceptable that the reviewers remained anonymous, since peer-review is generally an anonymous process. But this particular ‘review’ – of a paper that had already passed peer-review, had been published for a year, and had nothing wrong with it beyond the fact that, in common with countless other scientific papers, it was “inconclusive” on some endpoints – was a highly irregular process of dubious legitimacy from the start. Therefore we believe that the identity and interests of the reviewers should have been published. Another GMO-critical study rejected by FCT Foucart notes that there is no way of knowing for sure if all this had an impact on articles accepted by the journal. But in 2013, according to information received by him, FCT rejected the first academic study of chronic toxicity of a Monsanto GM maize - MON810 - in Daphnia magna, a type of waterflea. The study suggested harmful effects on this small freshwater crustacean, which is used as a model organism by ecotoxicologists. It was Goodman who informed the authors of the rejection, highlighting the negative reports of the peer reviewers. The study was eventually published in 2015 in another journal. Unlike the Séralini study, it was not challenged (probably because, unlike a rat feeding study, such a study would not be deemed by regulators to be relevant to humans). Goodman asks Monsanto for scientific arguments to counter critics In some cases, Foucart reports, Goodman seems to defer to the judgement of Monsanto's toxicologists which he has to evaluate an article containing aspects that are beyond his knowledge. "I'm looking at an ‘anti’ [presumably ‘anti-GMOs or pesticides’] paper,” he wrote in October 2014 to one of his Monsanto correspondents. “They cite a Sri Lankan study of 2014 on a possible link between glyphosate exposure and kidney disease, as well as a mechanism [to explain this toxicity]." Goodman added: "I'm not enough of a chemist or toxicologist to understand the strengths and the weaknesses of their logic: can you give me some solid scientific arguments about whether it is, or is not, plausible." Glyphosate, the active ingredient of Roundup herbicide, is a key product of Monsanto, as it is sold with the company’s GM glyphosate-tolerant crops. According to Foucart, nothing in the documents consulted by Le Monde supports the idea that Goodman played a role in the retraction of the Séralini study - that decision was taken by Hayes. In January 2015, Goodman resigned his position at the journal, due to time constraints. Hayes’s conflicts of interest However, Hayes clearly did play a key role in the retraction. And he has plenty of conflicts of interest that might have influenced his decision. Hayes has had a long career as an industry toxicologist. He is senior science advisorat Spherix Consulting, “a global team of experienced advisors who provide their clients in the food, dietary supplement, consumer product, and pharmaceutical industries with scientific solutions that result in regulatory success.” Hayes's previous appointments include: * Vice President and Corporate Toxicologist for food giant RJR Nabisco, with responsibility for all regulatory and toxicology issues related to the safety of ingredients and food contact substances for food and drink products worldwide. * Corporate Vice-President of Product Integrity at the Gillette Company, with responsibility for “the safety evaluation and regulatory compliance of a variety of consumer products, plant safety, environmental stewardship, and quality control. While at Gillette, Dr Hayes was responsible for managing regulatory and toxicology issues worldwide. All contact substances used in Gillette products (including personal care products) were cleared within his division.” Industry interests prioritised over science Hayes’s interests and Goodman’s current Monsanto connections should have precluded them from having any authority over the fate of the Séralini study and other studies submitted to FCT. In addition, the names of the reviewers who fed their views into Hayes’s decision to retract the study should have been declared and made public and any conflicts of interest should have led to exclusion from the panel. Instead we have a situation in which a lack of transparency at the journal FCT allowed industry interests to take precedence over scientific considerations. In the process, the reputation of honest scientists has been unjustly maligned and public trust in science has been damaged, perhaps irretrievably. Report: Claire Robinson
电邮揭露孟山都在塞拉利尼研究被撤回一事中所起的作用 作者:Claire Robinson;翻译:jrry86;时间:2016年7月20日 2012年9月《食品与化学毒理学》杂志(FCT)发表了法国生物学家塞拉利尼教授团队的研究,他们发现用孟山都转基因玉米NK603和很小剂量的农达除草剂(种植该玉米时使用的除草剂)长期喂养大鼠,会导致肝肾毒性和内分泌紊乱。他们还观察到大多数试验组的大鼠表现出肿瘤增加趋势。 2013年11月,在将一个前孟山都科学家Richard E. Goodman安排进杂志编委会,并经过一个长达数月的由无名人士参与的不透明的评审程序之后,杂志主编A. Wallace Hayes将该文章撤回。 孟山都是否有向《食品和化学毒理学》杂志(FCT)施加压力以撤回文章?法国记者Stéphane Foucart在《世界报》的一篇文章(http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsciences%2Farticle%2F2016%2F07%2F11%2Fla-discrete-influence-de-monsanto_4967784_1650684.html%3Fxtmc%3Dgoodman%26xtcr%3D1&urlrefer=0d44f5f1271b890fdac432c0040cb654)中探讨了这个问题。 文章揭示Goodman完全附属于孟山都。它还揭露了Hayes是如何在塞文的撤回事件中发挥双重作用的,他在幕后操作以鼓励孟山都科学家加入评审小组,并用他们的观点来影响撤回的决定。 化学公司对学者的影响 美国食品透明组织“美国有权知道”(USRTK)根据信息自由法获取并公开了这一事件中的相关电子邮件,Foucart检视了这些邮件。他写道,这些电邮“揭示了化学公司对一些学者的影响”。 Foucart指出科学文章被撤回的原因通常是造假、抄袭或诚信问题。塞拉利尼的研究与这些完全无关,它是第一个因为结论“不确定”而被撤回的。塞拉利尼的支持者把矛头指向了FCT编委会负责生物技术口的新人。Richard E. Goodman是位于美国林肯市的内布拉斯加大学的教授,食品过敏研究专家。他也是孟山都前雇员,于2004年离开。 FCT生物技术编辑与孟山都有“非同寻常的关系” Foucart写道,USRTK获得的电邮显示Goodman与他的老雇主之间有“非同寻常”的关系。实际上,正如Foucart指出的那样,Goodman与孟山都之间的关系并不像看上去的那样是过去式。Goodman自己在2012年写到“他工资的一半”来自由孟山都、拜耳、巴斯夫、陶氏、杜邦和先正达资助的一个项目,这个项目是建立一个食品过敏源数据库。 Foucart指出这一事实使Goodman与孟山都产生“关联,甚至是从属关系”。Foucart进一步说明了这样的从属关系是如何在2012年5月发生的一个插曲中表现出来的(在塞拉利尼文章9月份发表之前): “一份报纸发表的一篇文章引用了Goodman的一个观点,那时他还不是FCT编辑。这个观点导致一个孟山都雇员对他上纲上线。该雇员对Goodman教授说,他的观点似乎被记者解释成'暗示我们对生物技术了解不够,所以不能保证其安全'。于是Goodman给上述资助他研究工作的所有六个生物公司的联系人集体发了回信。他说'我向你及贵公司道歉',他还说那个记者误解了他的意思。” 工业界通过资助科学而控制了研究者 Foucart对此评论道,来自工业界对科学研究的资助,对大学研究人员来说不仅意味着简单的知识产出,而是远比这更大的责任:“它对研究人员的公开言论施加了某种形式的控制。”2012年8月,Goodman作了个榜样,他提醒他的资助者们说国家公共电台将就转基因安全性采访他。他的一个联系人问他:“你是不是愿意在采访前参加一个如何与媒体打交道的培训?”不清楚Goodman后来是否接受了这个建议,因为他没有回应《世界报》的询问。 一个月后,即2012年9月,塞拉利尼的研究得以发表,那时Goodman仍然还不是FCT编委会成员。Foucart写道,9月19日Goodman向他在孟山都的联系人通报了塞拉利尼文章发表的消息,并说如果公司能给他提供一些批判材料,他将“不甚感激”。孟山都联系人回应道:“我们正在评估这篇文章,等我们有了论据就会告诉你。”Foucart继续写道,几天后Goodman被时任FCT总编的毒理学家Wallace Hayes任命为FCT的副总编。 这个认命一直到2013年2月都没有公开宣布。Foucart指出,Goodman加入编委会是塞拉利尼文章发表的直接和即时的结果。2012年11月2日,“塞拉利尼事件”完全发酵,Hayes在给孟山都雇员的电邮中宣布从现在开始Goodman将掌管杂志的生物技术口。Hayes补充说:“我作为主编,与Goodman教授一道请求你们中对最近塞拉利尼等人的文章持强烈批评态度的人,主动要求成为可能的评审员人选。” Foucart评论说,Hayes正式邀请孟山都毒理学家参与评估提交给杂志供评审的那些转基因研究,以决定是接受还是拒绝。《世界报》参考的电邮文件中并没有说Hayes是否仅仅邀请了孟山都科学家,而Hayes也没有对《世界报》的询问作出回应。 这些说明我们“转基因观察”网对Goodman加入编委会的质疑(http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independentsciencenews.org%2Fscience-media%2Fthe-goodman-affair-monsanto-targets-the-heart-of-science%2F&urlrefer=4ea9d321241fbdcac0bf136786a4206b)是正确的。这还同时说明我们对第二轮不透明的评审的批评是正确的(第一轮评审指的是同意塞拉利尼论文发表的同行评议)。一些观察家对我们说,他们认为评审人员匿名是可以接受的,因为同行评议通常都是一个匿名过程。但是这个针对已经通过同行评议的、发表了已经一年的文章所作的特定的'评审',从一开始就采用了一个高度暧昧而不合规范的处理方式,特别是这篇文章除了最后没有得出确定无疑的结论(无数科学文章都是如此)之外,其本身没有任何错误。因此我们相信评审员的身份和利益关系应该公开。 另一个批评转基因的研究也被FCT拒绝 Foucart指出没有办法确知所有这些是否对该杂志会接受什么样的文章造成影响。但是根据他获得的信息,2013年,FCT还拒绝了发表用孟山都转基因玉米MON810对大型水蚤(一种水蚤)所作的学术界第一个长期毒性研究。这个研究表明对这种小型淡水甲壳纲动物有毒害作用,而它是生态毒理学家用来作为研究模型的生物。 是Goodman通知作者拒稿决定的,他强调是因为评审者的负面评价。最后这项研究于2015年发表在另一个杂志上。与塞拉利尼的研究不太一样的是,这项研究没有受到挑战(可能是因为不像大鼠喂养试验,该试验不会被管理部门认为与人类相关)。 Goodman为反驳(对转基因的)批评而向孟山都寻求科学论据 Foucart报告说,在某些场合,Goodman似乎不得不听从孟山都毒理学家的判断,因为他评审的一篇文章有些内容超出了他的知识范围。他在2014年10月给他的一个孟山都联系人写信说:“我正在评审一个'反'(推测是'反转基因或农药')文,他们引用了一个2014年斯里兰卡的研究,后者指出接触草甘膦与肾病之间可能有关联,还提出了一个机理(来解释这种毒性作用)”。他补充说:“我不是好的化学家或毒理学家,不太明白他们的逻辑的强弱:你能给我一些关于其逻辑是否说的通的可靠的科学论据么?” 草甘膦是农达除草剂的活性成分,而农达是孟山都的重要产品,与该公司的转基因抗草甘膦作物捆绑销售。 根据Foucart的说法,《世界报》参考的文件中,没有证据支持Goodman在塞拉利尼研究被撤回这一事件中起到作用---那项决定是由Hayes作出的。2015年1月,Goodman以时间有限为由向杂志辞职。 Hayes的利益冲突 但是很明显Hayes在撤回事件中起到了关键作用。他牵涉到很多利益冲突,可能影响他的决策。 在Hayes的职业生涯中他长期担任工业界的毒理学家。他现在是Spherix咨询公司的高级科学顾问(http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F2arexiW&urlrefer=bfde257705027513c9db6f389da5b6d4),”该公司集中了全球富有经验的顾问团队,为来自食品、食品补剂、消费产品和制药工业的客户提供科学解决方法以帮助他们成功管理。” Hayes以前的职务包括(http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F2arexiW&urlrefer=bfde257705027513c9db6f389da5b6d4): * 食品巨头RJR Nabisco的副总裁(译注:这是美国公司的一种职称、头衔,而非职务)和公司毒理学家,负责处理世界范围内的与食品和饮料产品中的相关成分和食品接触物质的安全性有关的所有管理以及毒理学方面的问题(译注:食品接触物质是指食品生产、包装、运输等过程中会接触到的物质)。 * 吉列公司的产品信誉部门的公司副总裁,负责“安全评估,以确保各种消费产品、工厂安全、环境管理和质量控制等等符合管理规定。在吉列期间,他负责全球范围的涉及管理和毒理学方面的问题。所有用在吉列产品(包括个人护理产品)中的接触物质都要在他的部门获得批准。 工业利益凌驾于科学之上 因为Hayes的利益冲突以及Goodman与孟山都的关系,他们应该被剥夺决定塞拉利尼研究和提交给FCT的其它研究的命运的权力。而且向Hayes提供意见导致他决定撤回塞氏研究的那些评审者的名字应该公开,任何有利益冲突的人都应被排除出评审小组。 可实际情况却是FCT的程序不透明使得工业界的利益凌驾于科学考量之上。在这个过程中,诚实科学家的名誉受到不公正的诽谤,公众对科学的信任受到伤害,这也许是不可挽回的。
“没有证据表明有害”足够说服大众接受转基因么?不够!(转) 转自知乎,作者:Summer Clover 知乎用户平均科学素养较高,很多答案也科普得很好,但是有点太喜欢“精英决策”,越俎代庖。 1) 在转基因上,我们能得到的最好的结论就是“No Evidence of Harm”。而“Evidence of No Harm”则是一个几乎不可能得到的结论。 讨论转基因问题上,双方至少都达成了这样一个共识。 “没有证据表明有害”足够说服大众接受转基因么?不够。 “没有证据表明有害”是一个十分弱的支持证据。 历史上已经发生过很多这类似的错误。 从古代的, 放血疗法。那时西欧人认为少一点血没什么关系。在“NEH”条件下,实施了这种极为违背自然规律的医疗方法。还施行了几百年。相比而言,鲁迅笔下的“人血馒头”虽然没有疗效,依然也只是NEH的程度。 含铅餐具。罗马人觉得含铅酒杯会给酒带来一股特殊的香味,还有一定防腐作用。于是用铅制品制造了大量餐具,最坑的是,还用铅制造了贻害无穷的罗马城输水管道。 从历史上的这两个例子,我们可以发现第一件有趣的事。 某些技术进步是十分有益的,有一些则是十分有害的,但在危害出现前,往往两者都符合“NEH”的条件。 用机器学习的语言来说,NEH几乎是一个可以舍弃的特征,因为太过普遍了。 我们最需要的是,证明一个技术十分有益/有害。这比说没有证据表明有害/有益要有效的多。 2) 再举两个现代的例子。在之前的答案里也提过了。 氟利昂。过去空调冰箱都用这个东西。因为方便便宜,制冷效果也好。用了很多年后才发现,氟利昂对大气层有巨大的破坏作用。 含铅汽油。托马斯·米吉利倾毕生心血发明了含铅汽油来提高汽油性能,结果却造成了巨大的危害。而当时的油漆商却雇人宣传含铅汽油对人无害。 四乙基铅和普通的铅不同,它更具致命性,皮肤接触半杯就会致命,虽然现在公众对神经毒素爆发发狂而死的乙基公司工人毫不在意,但是为了利益,宣传的作用就体现了,这时候,不再是广告报纸和儿童画,他们动用了至今屡试不爽的方法:他们需要一个懂科学的权威,安抚民众,提升铅的形象。他们找到了一个合适人选,罗伯特-基欧博士,这也是人类第一次,利用科学权威来掩盖对环境和公共健康的威胁。 基欧博士说:“铅本身就存在自然环境中!当然,虽然对一线工人有影响,但是对公众绝对没任何影响!并且没有任何证据表示铅对公众的影响对不对!?这种程度铅就如同12月的雪一样的自然,不会污染环境!” 直到科学家帕特森发现含铅汽油危害的铁证,石油商们的第一反应居然是对他威逼利诱,还雇佣了权威科学家为含铅汽油辩解。 (014年FOX和国家地理联合制作的3亿美金的纪录片巨作:《宇宙时空之旅》(COSMOS:A SPACETIME ODYSSEY)第七集 讲的就是这个拯救人类的科学家的故事) 我们已经找不到文献搞清楚古代人为什么会去推行只满足NEH但却没有明显好处的技术发明。 但是,从现代的例子,我们可以发现的第二件有趣的事是,利益相关群体无法提供可靠的科学证据。 就转基因这个例子而言,和含铅汽油很类似,转基因种子公司以及其出资资助的转基因科学家是典型的利益相关群体。他们不能提供值得信赖的证据。 相反,来自国家官方组织的科学家的观点则非常值得信赖。美国环保署、欧洲食品安全局等都有能力提供值得信赖的证据。 我们的关注点应该在这部分利益无关的科学家提供的论据上。
再揭露一个人品低劣首先败坏的人 此人是@scorpio_alove ,在与我辩驳转基因问题的过程中,做人毫毛底线,先是辨驳的过程中恼羞成怒,查我资料发现我是个尿毒症绝症病人,然后在贴中攻击我病情并诅咒我“恶有恶报”,如此恶劣行为本吧吧主仅仅封禁了两天;接着在后续辨驳中关于他引用美国报告只是讨论方法还是引用数据佐证的过程中出尔反尔、睁眼说瞎话;今天刚刚解禁,就找到我的贴子继续攻击我的病情,显示此人心胸狭隘、睚眦必报、做人毫无底线。证据如下: 1、(空)首次拿我的病情作为攻击点的回复已经被删除。当然,@scorpio_alove 你可以否认; 2、下图第一张特他声明只是比较方法,但是不比较结果,第二张则清楚的看到他在试图用报告的数据来佐证自己的观点,刚刚说的话马上就自己推翻了;第三张图是今天的回复,显然他选择性的无视了自己第二张图里的原话。由此可见,此人毫无诚信、谎话连篇; 、3、此人刚一解封,马上连续拿一个绝症病人的病情刺激对方,证据如下:这种人,做人毫无道德底线,正常辨驳竟然会去查对方私人资料,对着一个绝症病人拿病情做武器攻击对方。我发出来,一是希望吧务组给予以此符合吧规的处罚(如果能永久禁言那是再好不过)二是希望广大吧友认清挺转喷子(不是所有人)的真面目,挺转喷子不仅有这样的人,还要动辄问候别人家中女性的,出口成脏的。请大家理性、谨慎看待转基因食品安全问题;三是希望净化贴吧环境,不要使本吧沦为转基因吧那样的乌烟瘴地。科学吧吧主仅因为“低级伎俩”一词就封了10天,转基因吧主一言不合就封了我10天,相对来说本吧吧主真是太仁慈了。 出于公平起见,因为今天我对人使用了“智障”“眼瞎”等贬义词汇,请吧务组也给我符合吧规的处罚。
敬告挺转的喷子 你们质疑崔永元在转基因方面的专业性不如科学家,这没什么问题,但是你们连他的人品都攻击,说明你们要么是不择手段,抛弃了做人的基本首先底线,要么就是头脑简单,目光短浅,幼稚得是非不分。如果是前者,我很替你们悲哀,做为一个中国人,我以你们为耻;如果是后者,我很替你们心痛,大好时光只会缩在家里敲着键盘,甘当别人的枪手,被人利用而不自知。 以下列三项被你们用来攻击崔的常见言论: 1、我发贴表示敬仰崔永元,因为他在2013年两会上直言奶粉、拆迁和官员只谈政绩不谈问题,然后有人质疑说他不是直接在会上发言,而是在会议休息期间谈的。 两会代表发言是有时间限制的,崔当年的提案是转基因,他花费了大量的时间和精力调查转基因问题,会议如果留给他1小时,他能说1小时,留给他两小时,他能说两小时……这很容易理解,因为时间不够,所以,出于一个负责任的态度,他在会议休息期间,当着众多记者的面,在公共场合直言时弊。指出我贴子里用词问题的这种人,看不到崔仗义执言的诤诤风骨,看不到他为国为民的拳拳赤子心,只会龟缩在家里敲着键盘纠结一个贴子里小小的用词问题,还自以为是洋洋得意,我真替这种人悲哀!这是什么样的教育、生活环境才能培养出如此心胸狭隘、不顾廉耻的人啊?
从蜜蜂说起----继续怀疑转基因的安全性以及孟山都的用心 我指的安全性,不仅仅是人食用安全,还包括植物、昆虫继而扩展至整个生态系统。 《纽约时报》、《华盛顿邮报》综合报导,美国农业正面临前所未有的危机,当地的蜂群在过去一年减少了 40%,这让美国农业部担忧未来所有需要蜜蜂授粉的植物农产都会受到冲击,成本更会因此转嫁到消费者身上。 事实上,蜂群死亡的征兆一直都有,养蜂业者过去预估每年丧失的蜜蜂量会是 10%左右,但在过去十年中,蜜蜂死亡量出现飙升,至今仍没有学者可以指出确切的因素为何。这一蜂群大量崩坏的现象被称为CCD。 而过去的十年,是美国转基因种植业大力发展的十年,至于这中间有何种因果关系,我没有证据。但是,重点来了,孟山都2011年收购了美国专业研究“蜂群衰竭失调”(CCD)的Beeologics公司,所以,而美国农业部是根据这家公司的调查报告来确认CCD是否与转基因有关的,孟山都作为利益直接相关公司收购,可以相信,美国农业部永远也别想从这家公司得到不利于转基因的结论。 另外值得一提的是,2014年波兰超过1500养蜂农与反对转基因生物活动者游行通过华沙的街道,将数千死蜜蜂倾倒在农业部的台阶上,抗议转基因作物及其使用的杀虫剂一起对大量屠杀蜜蜂、蝴蝶、蛾与其他有益的花粉传播昆虫有很大责任。波兰农业部长马雷克·萨维斯基宣布了禁止孟山都转基因Bt玉米MON810的计划,使波兰成为比利时、英国、保加利亚、法国、德国、爱尔兰与斯洛伐克之后禁止转基因Bt作物的第八个国家。 波兰成为世界头一个正式确认蜜蜂造成灾难的孟山都转基因玉米与“蜂群衰竭失调”(CCD)之间有关联的国家。 再回过头去看孟山都收购Beeologics,其动机真是耐人寻味!
我坚决反对转基因产业化 支持转基因者的最大依仗是:,世界卫生组织、欧盟委员会、国际科学理事会等众多国际权威机构对转基因安全性进行了长期跟踪、评估、监测,结果都表明,经过安全评价获得政府批准的转基因产品跟与非转基因产品是一样安全的。自1996年转基因批准商业化种植以来发展迅猛,全球转基因的种植面积约300亿亩,种植的国家有28个,另外还有37个国家和地区进口使用转基因产品,没有发现一例被证实的安全性问题。 这个证据里所谓的长期,到目前算起来是21年,21年长不长?相对一般问题来说,挺长了,21年没发现问题,安全不安全?挺转的觉得安全,但是我觉得不够,时间太短,为什么?我举一个例子你们就能明白: 氨基比林是1893年发明的西药,上市后到1920年代才发现这种药有严重副作用,1938年也就是45年后美国才禁止这种药的使用。除了这种药,还有二硝基酚、三苯乙醇等都是几十年后药物的严重副作用才显现出来的,但是为时已晚,受害者很多都死亡了。 问题来了:药物,只是少数患病人群、在一小段时间里少量服用的东西,即使这样不合格也造成了极其严重的后果,而这些药物都是当时通过安全验证的,副作用潜伏了几十年才发作。而转基因作物,尤其是主粮,是绝大多数人、每天一日三餐都要大量食用的,实验室只用十年八年的时间来验证安全性,目前市场也只有20余年历史,你们就认为安全了?一旦,即使中是百万分之一的概率某转基因作物有严重的后遗症,那时候造成的后果将是毁灭性的,说是亡国灭族都不夸张。这么严重的后果,能不慎之又慎吗?
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