Objective: The purpose for which an activity is to be conducted.250 (See game objectives)

Observer: A non-player, who is allowed to observe, but not play in the game.251

Open Game: A game in which all players receive or have access to all information and intelligence of
the actions of all friendly and enemy forces. Usually played in one room and on a single map or chart.252

Operational Art: “A military concept that holds that the skillful orchestration of can improve the
outcome of campaigns.253

Operational Gaming: “The application of gaming techniques to non-military situation. Also used to
describe the simulation of both military and non-military operations.” This is a term developed and used
at the Navy War College Wargaming Division in Newport, RI.254

Orange Cell: Orange is normally an ally of Red255, or a 2nd independent opposition element.
Order of Battle: The make-up of a player's forces in terms of types of units and the number of each type
available.256

Order of Battle Sheets: (Board or Manual Games) A printed form with the game units displayed along
with boxes to check off the declining strength of the units as they suffer combat (or non-combat) losses.257

Out-Briefs:
• The briefs presented by the players that discuss what they did and why during a move or the
wargame.258
• The briefs created and presented by the players at the end of a move or end of game play.259