13年的一篇短文，介绍了芦荟与十二卷及其相关多肉的分类变动，到了2016年被子植物APG IV系统发表，一些分类的变动已经确认。
翻译比较渣，任何问题欢迎讨论。
Kumara haemanthifolia 镇

All change in Aloe and Haworthia
芦荟与十二卷的分类变动
Ten years ago molecular studies by Treutlein et al. (2003) gave an early indication that the traditional classification of the Alooideae genera (Aloe, Astroloba, Chortolirion, Gasteria, Haworthia, Lomatophyllum and Poellnitzia) did not reflect their evolutionary history. However, they left well alone and did not change the taxonomy. Ten years on and further studies have confirmed that the status quo is not acceptable and 2013 has seen a flurry of activity. This note aims to summarise the current state of play, but this is merely a snapshot of where we are now and more changes will undoubtedly follow.
十年前的分子学研究给出了一个早期的迹象，芦荟大类（芦荟属，松塔掌属，枯百合属，沙鱼掌属，十二卷属，穗百合属，青瓷塔属）的传统分类不能反映它们的进化历史。然而事情就放在那儿了，分类也没变动。十年间更多的研究表明这种分类方式实在是不合适，特别是到了2013年，人们觉得该搞点事情了。这篇短文简单的总结一下分类的现状，以及未来一定会有的变动。

Daru et al. (2013) showed that both Aloe and Haworthia were not monophyletic, meaning that they each did not have a single origin and were in fact polyphyletic, with Haworthia, for example, comprising three distinct groups or clades (branches in the evolutionary family tree) that are
not monophyletic or closely related. They did not upset the proverbial applecart to any great extent. The only taxonomic changes they made concerned the genus Chortolirion, which they showed to be embedded within Aloe, so the three species were transferred. Grace et al.(2013) also came to the same conclusion regarding Chortolirion, resulting in competition for the name
transfers. So, for the three species of Chortolirion, we end up with the following new names: Aloe barendii (formerly Chortolirion tenuifolium), Aloe jeppeae (Chortolirion latifolium) and Aloe subspicata (Chortolirion angolense).
Daru等人（2013）表明，芦荟属和十二卷属都不是单系的，意思是它们各自不具有单一来源，是多系的，例如，十二卷属包含三个不同的群体或进化分枝，不是单系的或密切相关的。然而这并没有使传统分类出现很大变化。唯一的变动在枯百合属，按他们的意思被扔进了芦荟属，枯百合属的三个物种就有了变动。Grace 等人(2013)也有相同的结论，所以变动者是谁就有了争议。三个枯百合属的物种就有了新的名称：Aloe barendii (以前的 Chortolirion tenuifolium)，Aloe jeppeae (Chortolirion latifolium) 和 Aloe subspicata (Chortolirion angolense)。
Aloe barendii (Chortolirion tenuifolium)
Aloe jeppeae (Chortolirion latifolium)
Aloe subspicata (Chortolirion angolense

Aloe itself was then next for a realignment to create a small number of segregate genera leaving, at least for now, most of the genus intact and apparently monophyletic with a single evolutionary origin. Grace et al. (2013) have reinstated one old generic name and established two new genera for the tree and scrambling aloes. Aloidendron now accommodates six familiar species of tree aloes, for example, Aloidendron barberae (Aloe barberae, the type), Aloidendron dichotomum (Aloe dichotoma) and Aloidendron pillansii (Aloe pillansii).
芦荟属本身也会有一些小的变动，但直到现在，属内绝大多数物种还是单系的。芦荟属中还要分出3个属给树芦荟和攀援芦荟，Grace 等人(2013)恢复了一个旧的属名，启用了两个新的属名。六种树芦荟被放进 Aloidendron（树芦荟属），比如：Aloidendron barberae (Aloe barberae（大树芦荟） 模式种),Aloidendron dichotomum (Aloe dichotoma（二歧芦荟）) 和 Aloidendron pillansii (Aloe pillansii（皮尔兰斯芦荟）)。
Aloidendron barberae (Aloe barberae )（大树芦荟）
Aloidendron dichotomum (Aloe dichotoma）（二歧芦荟）
Aloidendron pillansii (Aloe pillansii）（皮尔兰斯芦荟）

The old generic name Kumara, dating from 1786, has been resurrected to house the very distinct Aloe plicatilis. The correct name for this species in Kumara was confused, but this has since been corrected by both Rowley (2013) and Klopper et al. (2013a,b), such that this becomes Kumara plicatilis (type of the monotypic genus), with the new combination by Rowley apparently having priority.
旧 Kumara（折扇芦荟属），建立于1786年，现在放入一种非常独特的芦荟：Aloe plicatilis（折扇芦荟）。Rowley (2013) 和 Klopper et al. (2013a,b)确定了它
正确的
名称：Kumara plicatilis（单种属的模式种）。
Kumara plicatilis（Aloe plicatilis）（折扇芦荟）

Seven species and three varieties of scrambling aloes, the most familiar of which is Aloe ciliaris, now have their own genus, Aloiampelos, named from the Greek word for a climbing plant, ampelos (Grace et al., 2013). So, for example, new names here are Aloiampelos ciliaris (Aloe ciliaris, the type) and Aloiampelos commixta (Aloe commixta).
七个物种和三个变种的攀援芦荟被放入 Aloiampelos（蔓芦荟属），得名于希腊语中的 ampelos（攀缘植物），典型种为：Aloiampelos ciliaris（Aloe ciliaris 模式种）（细茎芦荟），和 Aloiampelos commixta (Aloe commixta)（混合芦荟）。
Aloiampelos ciliaris（Aloe ciliaris）（细茎芦荟）
Aloiampelos commixta (Aloe commixta)（混合芦荟）

Haworthia has received similar treatment because the three subgenera have been shown to be more distantly related than previously thought and do not have a common evolutionary origin, making Haworthia itself paraphyletic. Rowley (2013) has consequently split Haworthia into three genera. Haworthia is now a smaller genus, limited to the‘soft-leaved’ species of subgenus Haworthia, with Linnaeus’s Aloe pumila var. arachnoidea as type.
十二卷属的情况也差不多，三个亚属之间的亲缘关系比以前认为的要远得多，它们没有一个共同的进化起源，是多系的。因此 Rowley (2013) 把十二卷属分成了三个属。现在十二卷属的范围更小了，仅限于软叶性瓦苇亚属，模式种为林奈命名的 Aloe pumila var. arachnoidea（也就是 Haworthia arachnoidea 水牡丹）。
Haworthia arachnoidea （水牡丹）

记号，学习

Haworthiopsis is a new genus with 16 species based on Haworthia subgenus Hexangulares with Haworthia coarctata as type. New names here include, for example, Haworthiopsis attenuata and Haworthiopsis limifolia.
Haworthiopsis 是一个新属（本人拟名：小型硬叶十二卷属），有16个物种，是原来的小型硬叶瓦苇亚属，模式种为 Haworthia coarctata（龙爪）。新名称举例：Haworthiopsis attenuata（松之雪） 和 Haworthiopsis limifolia（琉璃殿）。
Haworthiopsis coarctata（Haworthia coarctata）（龙爪）
Haworthiopsis attenuata（Haworthia attenuata）（松之雪）
Haworthiopsis limifolia（Haworthia limifolia）（琉璃殿）

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The final genus is an old name reinstated: Tulista, dating from 1840, with Tulista (Haworthia) margaritifera as type, including 15 species. This genus is perhaps the hardest to swallow because not only does it include Haworthia subgenus Robustipedunculares, but also Haworthia koelmaniorum, Astroloba, Poellnitzia and Aloe aristata. Examples of new names here include Tulista marginata (Haworthia marginata), Tulista herrei (Astroloba herrei), Tulista rubriflora (Poellnitzia rubriflora) and Tulista aristata (Aloe aristata). Here the DNA evidence indicates a common evolutionary origin for this small but very diverse group of species that makes the genus difficult to define because of its wide range of morphological features.
最后一个属恢复了一个旧名称：Tulista（珠纹卷属），建立于1840年，模式种为 Tulista (Haworthia) margaritifera（秋天星），包括15个物种。这个属可能是最难弄的，因为它不仅包含原来的大型硬叶瓦苇亚属，还包括 Haworthia koelmaniorum（高文鹰爪），Astroloba（松塔掌属）, Poellnitzia（青瓷塔属） and Aloe aristata（绫锦）。新名称举例：Tulista marginata (Haworthia marginata)（瑞鹤）， Tulista herrei (Astroloba herrei)（白夜之塔），Tulista rubriflora (Poellnitzia rubriflora)（青瓷塔） 和 Tulista aristata (Aloe aristata)（绫锦）。DNA证据表明这个小但是多变的属具有共同的进化起源，但因其多变的形态特征使得其难以被定义。
Tulista margaritifera （Haworthia margaritifera）（秋天星）
Tulista koelmaniorum（Haworthia koelmaniorum）（高文鹰爪）
Tulista marginata (Haworthia marginata)（瑞鹤）
Tulista herrei (Astroloba herrei)（白夜之塔）
Tulista rubriflora (Poellnitzia rubriflora)（青瓷塔）
Tulista aristata (Aloe aristata)（绫锦）

For now, however, the good news is that the rest of Aloe remains intact with over 500 species, and Gasteria still stands, but watch this space for further developments that could well be forthcoming as further molecular studies of more species of Aloe are undertaken. What, for example,of the huge diversity of aloes in Madagascar: how will their evolutionary history pan out and be reflected in their taxonomy?
迄今为止，剩下的超过500种的芦荟依然没有变动，沙鱼掌属仍然特立独行，但是在将来随着对更多芦荟属物种的分子生物学研究，分类上还会有更多的发展空间。举个例子，马达加斯加的芦荟有巨大的多样性，它们的进化历史又将如何反映在分类学中呢？

全文结束，以下为原文和文章信息。