Archaeology is a source of history, not just a bumble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts, Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live - and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records. Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a Dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may "change the course of history," but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist’s standpoint. What are perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduce to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.

英语沙龙http://www.es123.com/ac/we/Article/ShowSpecial.asp?SpecialID=1

第一篇：A Grain of Sand 一粒沙子 　　　　William Blake/威廉.布莱克 To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild fllower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour. 从一粒沙子看到一个世界， 从一朵野花看到一个天堂， 把握在你手心里的就是无限， 永恒也就消融于一个时辰。

第二篇：Love Your Life 　热爱生活 　　　　Henry David Thoreau/享利.大卫.梭罗 However mean your life is,meet it and live it ;do not shun it and call it hard names.It is not so bad as you are.It looks poorest when you are richest.The fault-finder will find faults in paradise.Love your life,poor as it is.You may perhaps have some pleasant,thrilling,glorious hourss,even in a poor-house.The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man's abode;the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there,and have as cheering thoughts,as in a palace.The town's poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any.May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving.Most think that they are above being supported by the town;but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means.which should be more disreputable.Cultivate poverty like a garden herb,like sage.Do not trouble yourself much to get new things,whether clothes or friends,Turn the old,return to them.Things do not change;we change.Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.

第三篇：The pure.the bright,the beautiful, 一切纯洁的,辉煌的,美丽的, That stirred our hearts in youth, 强烈地震撼着我们年轻的心灵的, The impulses to wordless prayer, 推动着我们做无言的祷告的, The dreams of love and truth; 让我们梦想着爱与真理的; The longing after something's lost, 在失去后为之感到珍惜的, The spirit's yearning cry, 使灵魂深切地呼喊着的, The striving after better hopes- 为了更美好的梦想而奋斗着的- These things can never die. 这些美好不会消逝。 The timid hand stretched forth to aid 羞怯地伸出援助的手， A brother in his need, 在你的弟兄需要的时候， A kindly word in grief's dark hour 伤恸、困难的时候，一句亲切的话 That proves a friend indeed ; 就足以证明朋友的真心； The plea for mercy softly breathed, 轻声地乞求怜悯， When justice threatens nigh, 在审判临近的时候， The sorrow of a contrite heart- 懊悔的心有一种伤感-- These things shall never die. 这些美好不会消逝。 Let nothing pass for every hand 在人间传递温情 Must find some work to do ; 尽你所能地去做； Lose not a chance to waken love- 别错失去了唤醒爱的良机----- Be firm,and just ,and true; 为人要坚定，正直，忠诚； So shall a light that cannot fade 因此上方照耀着你的那道光芒 Beam on thee from on high. 就不会消失。 And angel voices say to thee---你将听到天使的声音在说----- These things shall never die. 这些美好不会消逝。

第四篇Think it over……好好想想…… Today we have higher buildings and wider highways,but shorter temperaments and narrower points of view; 今天我们拥有了更高层的楼宇以及更宽阔的公路，但是我们的性情却更为急躁，眼光也更加狭隘； We spend more,but enjoy less; 我们消耗的更多，享受到的却更少； We have bigger houses,but smaller famillies; 我们的住房更大了，但我们的家庭却更小了； We have more compromises,but less time; 我们妥协更多，时间更少； We have more knowledge,but less judgment; 我们拥有了更多的知识，可判断力却更差了； We have more medicines,but less health; 我们有了更多的药品，但健康状况却更不如意； We have multiplied out possessions,but reduced out values; 我们拥有的财富倍增，但其价值却减少了； We talk much,we love only a little,and we hate too much; 我们说的多了，爱的却少了，我们的仇恨也更多了； We reached the Moon and came back,but we find it troublesome to cross our own street and meet our neighbors; 我们可以往返月球，但却难以迈出一步去亲近我们的左邻右舍； We have conquered the uter space,but not our inner space; 我们可以征服外太空，却征服不了我们的内心； We have highter income,but less morals; 我们的收入增加了，但我们的道德却少了； These are times with more liberty,but less joy; 我们的时代更加自由了，但我们拥有的快乐时光却越来越少； We have much more food,but less nutrition; 我们有了更多的食物，但所能得到的营养却越来越少了； These are the days in which it takes two salaries for each home,but divorces increase; 现在每个家庭都可以有双份收入，但离婚的现象越来越多了； These are times of finer houses,but more broken homes; 现在的住房越来越精致，但我们也有了更多破碎的家庭； That's why I propose,that as of today; 这就是我为什么要说，让我们从今天开始； You do not keep anything for a special occasion.because every day that you live is a SPECIAL OCCASION. 不要将你的东西为了某一个特别的时刻而预留着，因为你生活的每一天都是那么特别； Search for knowledge,read more ,sit on your porch and admire the view without paying attention to your needs; 寻找更我的知识，多读一些书，坐在你家的前廊里，以赞美的眼光去享受眼前的风景，不要带上任何功利的想法； Spend more time with your family and friends,eat your favorite foods,visit the places you love; 花多点时间和朋友与家人在一起，吃你爱吃的食物，去你想去的地方； Life is a chain of moments of enjoyment;not only about survival; 生活是一串串的快乐时光；我们不仅仅是为了生存而生存； Use your crystal goblets.Do not save your best perfume,and use it every time you feel you want it. 举起你的水晶酒杯吧。不要吝啬洒上你最好的香水，你想用的时候就享用吧！ Remove from your vocabulary phrases like"one of these days"or "someday"; 从你的词汇库中移去所谓的“有那么一天”或者“某一天”； Let's write that letter we thought of writing "one of these days"! 曾打算“有那么一天”去写的信，就在今天吧！ Let's tell our families and friends how much we love them; 告诉家人和朋友，我们是多么地爱他们； Do not delay anything that adds laughter and joy to your life; 不要延迟任何可以给你的生活带来欢笑与快乐的事情； Every day,every hour,and every minute is special; 每一天、每一小时、每一分钟都是那么特别； And you don't know if it will be your last. 你无从知道这是否最后刻。

HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS IN AMERICA 1.New Year’s DayJanuary 1, the first day of a calendar year, usually celebrated as a legal holiday.★New Year’s EveThe evening before the New Year’s Day.2.Saint Valentine’s DayFebruary 14; observed in honor of a martyr of the third century. The customary sending of valentines, candy, etc. to sweethearts on this day is not connected with the saint.3.EasterAn annual Christian festival in commemoration of the resurrection of Jesus, held on the first Sunday after the date of the first full moon that occurs on or after March 21.★Easter SundayThe Sunday on which Easter is held.★Easter eggA colored egg on an egg-shaped piece of candy, etc. used as an Easter gift or ornament.4.April Fools’ DayThe first day of April.★A Fools’ DayAnother name for the day.★April FoolA victim of jokes played on April Fools’ Day.5.May DayMay 1; as a traditional spring festival, often celebrated by dancing, crowning a May queen, etc.; as a more recent international labor holiday (of American origin), observed in many countries by parades, demonstrations, etc.★MaydayThe international radiotelephonic signal for help, used by ships and aircraft in distress.★May queenA girl or young woman crowned with flowers and honored by merrymakers as queen on May Day.6.Mother’s DayThe second Sunday in May; a day set aside (in the United States) in honor of mothers.7.Memorial DayA day designated in the United States for honoring dead members of the armed forces. In most States, a legal holiday, falling on May 30; in Southern States, April 26, May 10, or June 3.

英语文章http://englishabc.cn/index.asp

1.The proper function of man is to live,but not to exist. 人应该生活，而非单纯生存。 2.Conquer fear of death and you are put into possession of you life. 战胜对死亡的恐惧才能真正享受生命。 3.There is not a heart but has its moments of longing,yearning for something better,nobler and holier than it knows before. 每个人都有向往的时候，渴望比以前更美好，更高贵，更神圣的东 西 4.In a way,nobody sees a flower really. It is so small;we haven't time.And to see takes time,as to have a friend takes time. 在某种意义上，没有人真正看过一朵花。花那么小，我们又没有时间，要看可要花 时间的，就像交朋友也要花时间。 5..Somewhere in the world there is defeat for everyone. Some are destroyed by defeat,and some made small and mean by victory. Greatness lives in one who triumphs equally over defeat and victory. 在这个世界的某一地方，每个人都会失败，有的人为失败所毁，有的人被成功变得 小气吝啬。同时战胜失败和成功的人才是了不起的人。

My love is like the grasses 　　Hidden in the deep mountains. 　　Though its abundance increase, 　　There is none that knows. 　　我的爱情 　　犹如青草， 藏在深山。 　　它郁郁葱葱， 却无人知晓。 　　I have been sleeping all alone, 　　You have been staring in my dreams. 　　I want to kiss you, my baby, 　　I want to kiss you tonight. 　　我一直孤独入眠， 　　睡梦中你出现在我的眼前， 　　我要亲吻你， 　　我的爱人， 　　今夜我就要亲吻你。 　　My love, 　　You are like a flower, 　　So sweet and pure and fair. 　　我的爱人， 　　你就像一朵鲜花， 　　那么甜蜜、纯洁而秀雅。 　　I just can't believe 　　the loveliness of loving you. 　　I just can't believe 　　the one to love this feeling, too. 　　I now know how sweet a kiss could be. 　　Like the summer sunshine, 　　Your sweetness over me. 　　我简直不敢相信， 　　爱你是如此地美好。 　　我不敢相信你也有如此感觉。 　　我现在才明白吻原是那么甜蜜， 　　就像夏日的阳光， 包含着你对我的柔情蜜意。 　　I shall do one thing in this life, 　　One thing certain, that is: 　　Love you, Long for you, 　　And keep wanting you till I die. 　　我这一生要做的一件事情， 　　绝对要做的一件事情，那就是： 　　爱你， 想你， 追求你，直到死。 　　Oh, my love, my darling, 　　I have hungered for you touch a long time. 　　And time goes by so slowly, and time can do so much. 　　Are you still mine? 　　I need your love, 　　God speed your love to me. 　　My love is like the grasses 　　Hidden in the deep mountains. 　　Though its abundance increase, 　　There is none that knows. 　　我的爱情 　　犹如青草， 藏在深山。 　　它郁郁葱葱， 却无人知晓。 　　I have been sleeping all alone, 　　You have been staring in my dreams. 　　I want to kiss you, my baby, 　　I want to kiss you tonight. 　　我一直孤独入眠， 　　睡梦中你出现在我的眼前， 　　我要亲吻你， 　　我的爱人， 　　今夜我就要亲吻你。 　　Love me little, love me long! ---- John Heywood 爱不贵亲密，贵长久。 　　My love, 　　You are like a flower, 　　So sweet and pure and fair. 　　我的爱人， 　　你就像一朵鲜花， 　　那么甜蜜、纯洁而秀雅。 　　I just can't believe 　　the loveliness of loving you. 　　I just can't believe 　　the one to love this feeling, too. 　　I now know how sweet a kiss could be. 　　Like the summer sunshine, 　　Your sweetness over me. 　　我简直不敢相信， 　　爱你是如此地美好。 　　我不敢相信你也有如此感觉。 　　我现在才明白吻原是那么甜蜜， 　　就像夏日的阳光， 包含着你对我的柔情蜜意。 　　I shall do one thing in this life, 　　One thing certain, that is: 　　Love you, Long for you, 　　And keep wanting you till I die. 　　我这一生要做的一件事情， 　　绝对要做的一件事情，那就是： 　　爱你， 想你， 追求你，直到死。 　　Oh, my love, my darling, 　　I have hungered for you touch a long time. 　　And time goes by so slowly, and time can do so much. 　　Are you still mine? 　　I need your love, 　　God speed your love to me. 　　哦！我的爱，亲爱的， 　　我渴望你的抚摸已经好久了。 　　而时光难熬， 　　它能改变许多事， 　　你还是我的吗？ 　　我需要你的爱。 　　愿上帝赐给我你的爱。 　　I love to be the one you always think of, 　　The one you share the joys and hardships with, 　　I'll always love to be the one you love. 　　我多想做你时刻思念的人， 　　你倾诉梦想的人， 　　与你同甘共苦的人， 　　我总想做你所爱的人。 　　My eyes are the stars over your window, 　　Gazing affectionately at you every night. 　　我的目光就是你窗前的星星， 　　每夜都在深情地注视着你。

Sharing There isn't much that I can do, but I can share my bread with you, and sometimes share a sorrow, too.. There isn't much that I can do, but I can sit an hour with you, and I can share a joke with you, and sometimes share reverses, too.. There isn't much that I can do, but I can share my flowers with you, and I can share my books with you, and sometimes share your burdens, too.. There isn't much that I can do, but I can share my songs with you, and I can share my mirth with you, and sometimes come and laugh with you.. There isn't much that I can do, but I can share my hopes with you, and I can share my fears with you, and sometimes shed some tears with you.. There isn't much that I can do, but I can share my friends with you, and I can share my life with you, and oftentimes share a prayer with you.

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