一、从用法上复习归纳词汇，过语法关英语词汇大多具有本身词义外，还有其语法功能，我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上，而 要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点，从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样，既可记住词汇，又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同，意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主 要有：go on doing（继续干同一件事） go on to do（接着去干另一件事）stop doing sth.（停止正在干的事） stop to do sth.（停下来去干某事）regret doing（后悔干了某事） regret to do（相当于be sorry to do）forget/remember doing（忘记／记得已做过的事） forget/rem-ember to do（忘记／记得要干的事）mean doing（意味着干…） mean to do（想干…）try doing（尝试做） try to do（设法做）（95高考）"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well,now I regret_____ ___that."A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done（92高考）"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going（87高考）They would not allow him_________across the line. A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going2.都可接宾语和宾补，形式却不同某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补时 ，宾补要用不定式。如： We forbid smoking here.（宾语）We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补）You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补）3.宾语不同、语态不同，意义却相同有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式（要用被动形式），可接动名词（要用主动形式表被 动意义），可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如：The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.（85高考）This sentence needs______________. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如：（89高考）She pretended_______me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组：mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如：（92高考）I would appreciate_________back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling（87高考）The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch6.系动词系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：表感观的系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear（这些词用形容词作表语）表变化的系动词：become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词：remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold可带名词作表语的系动词：be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn（该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如：He turned teacher.）（91高考）These oranges taste____________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well

Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海’97)A． mustn’t have arrived B． shouldn’t have arrived C． can’t have arrived D． need not have arrived （C）2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有：should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。need have done：表示过去本来有必要去做某事，但事实上没有做。need not have done：表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。如：3) I was really anxious about you． You ＿＿＿＿＿ home without a word． (NMET2001)A． mustn’t leave B． shouldn’t have left C． couldn’t have left D． needn’t leave分析该题前后句之间的关系和语气可知，事实上是 “本不应该离家出走却走了”，故本题选B。 4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿＿ for her． (NMET’94)A． had to write it out B． must have written it outC． should have written it out D． ought to write it out由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出
正确的
选择。5) —Is John coming by train？—He should, but he ＿＿＿＿＿＿ not． He likes driving his car． (NMET2002)A． must B． can C． need D． maymustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”；cannot 表示“不可能”；need not 表示“不必要”；may not 表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D。 6) —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins． ＿＿＿＿＿＿ I have a look？—Yes, certainly． (北京2002春)A． Do B． May C． Shall D． Should分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可，may表示“允许、可以”，语气比较委婉 shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示，如果此空用shall，则意为“要（我）看一下吗？”，不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。7) Mr Bush is on time for everything． How ＿＿＿＿ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ (上海2001春)A． can B． should C． may D． must must be 表示肯定的猜测，只能用于肯定句中，由题意可知本题应选A。 8) —Are you coming to Jeff’s party？—I’m not sure． I ＿＿＿＿ go to the concert instead． (NMET2000)A． must B． would C． should D． might 由题意和下句中的 “I’m not sure” 可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测，might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断，故本题选D。又如：I should have been there, but I ＿＿＿＿＿ not find the time． (上海2000春)A． would B． could C． might D． should分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力；C 项只表示语气上的可能性，与题意不符。故本题选B。9) Johnny, you ＿＿＿＿ play with the knife, you ＿＿＿＿ hurt yourself． (NMET’96)A． won’t; can’t B． mustn’t; may C． shouldn’t; must D． can’t; shouldn’t mustn’t 表示“不可以；禁止”，分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性，故本题选B。 10) —Will you stay for lunch？—Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿＿． My brother is coming to see me． (NMET’99)A． I mustn’t B． I can’t C． I needn’t D． I won’t 分析题意可知因为“我弟弟要来看我”，所以“不能留下”，因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示“禁止”；C项表示“不必要”；而D项表示“不会”，均不符合题意。故本题选B。又如：—Could I borrow your dictionary？—Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET’92)A． might B． will C． can D． should (C)11)—When can I come for the photos？ I need them tomorrow afternoon． —They ＿＿＿＿＿ be ready by 1200． (NMET’98)A． can B． should C． might D． need该题考查情态动词should的基本含义，分析句意可知本题应选B。又如： The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things ＿＿＿＿＿ happen to him．（上海’96）A． might B． would C． should D． couldC12) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿＿ get out．(NMET’97) A． had to B． would C． could D． was able to该题考查了could和be able to的区别，二者都可表示过去时间的能力，但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was ／ were able to do，故本题选D。

13) —Shall I tell John about it ？—No, you ＿＿＿＿＿． I’ve told him already． (NMET’94)A． needn’t B． wouldn’t C． mustn’t D． shouldn’t 情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 “没有必要了”，故本题选A。