Precautions
疾病预防
If you suspect that one of your cavies is ill, it is wise to isolate the cavy immediately as a precaution against infecting the rest of your herd. This sick guinea pig should have it's own water bottle and food dish that is not shared with the other animals. After handling the sick cavy, you should wash your hands with an antibacterial soap.
如果你怀疑猪猪中的一只生病了，明智的做法是立即隔离这只猪猪，以防止病症传染给其他的猪猪。生病的猪猪必须单独使用饮水瓶和食盆，不能和其他的动物共用。抓过生病的猪猪后，你必须用杀菌皂洗手。
It is important that a sick cavy be kept in a room where the temperature is warm, and constant. Provide plenty of hay for insulation, and take extra care in protecting the guinea pig from drafts. If a guinea pig has respiratory difficulties, some owners will line the cage with a eucalyptus-based product, such as Vick's VapoRub. Though this won't cure any infections, it will relieve the symptoms somewhat. You can also apply a little bit of eucalyptus oil on their nose and their fore paws, but don't put it directly on their fur. Sticky fur makes a guinea pig miserable. Applying it to their feet, however, will result in their re-applying the eucalyptus if and when they try to rub it off their nose, and is a good trick for keeping the ointment where it will be most effective.
生病的猪猪必须放在温暖的恒温的房间里，这是很重要的。用许多的干草垫窝里，特别小心要将猪猪远离风口通风处。如果猪猪呼吸困难，一些主人就会用一些桉树制的产品垫在窝里，例如Vick's VapoRub，尽管不能治愈任何的疾病，但可以或多或少的减轻症状。你还可以抹一点桉树油在它们的鼻子和前额上，但不要直接涂抹到它们的皮毛上。皮毛粘粘的会让荷兰猪感觉不舒服。抹在它们的脚上，但是，如果它们擦鼻子时会再次将脚上桉树油抹到鼻子上，这是个把药膏抹到能有效治疗的地方的好办法。
Last, don't make any major diet changes while your guinea pig is ill. Stability and an established routine will keep stress levels down, and make the cavy more comfortable. If your guinea pig isn't eating at all, then you should contact your vet right away.
最后，当猪猪生病的时候不要改变它的日常饮食的食谱。稳定的，确定的日常模式会降低猪猪的紧张程度，让猪猪觉得舒适。如果你的猪猪不进食，你就必须立即与兽医联系。

Symptoms and ailments
症状和疾病
We'll focus this discussion on symptoms, since that is where most people begin when they suspect that their guinea pig is ill. Again, this is not intended to be a replacement for competent veterinary care, but rather as an introduction to common afflictions.
重视这个关于症状的讨论，从一些人开始怀疑他们的猪猪生病开始。再次申明，这不能代替正规的兽医治疗，只是一些常见疾病的介绍。
Sneezing, nasal discharge
打喷嚏，流鼻涕
Some sneezing is actually normal for guinea pigs, though excessive sneezing could be the sign of a respiratory complaint. Certainly, any time you see discharges from the nose, or the guinea pig regularly wiping its nose, it is most likely related to a respiratory or sinus infection.
猪猪偶尔打喷嚏是很正常的，但是频繁的打喷嚏则是呼吸问题的征兆。当然，任何时候你看到鼻子有鼻涕，或者猪猪频繁的擦拭鼻子，则很可能与呼吸问题或者窦道感染有关。
Contrary to popular belief, guinea pigs do not catch colds; the cold and flu in humans are caused by viruses, but in guinea pigs, most respiratory problems are caused by bacteria. It is also possible to have a fungal infection in the nasal passages, but this is more rare.
与一般人认为的相反，猪猪不会着凉；人类的感冒和流行感冒是由于病毒传染引起，但是对于猪猪，许多的呼吸问题是由于细菌引起。也可能是鼻孔里的真菌感染，但这个很罕见。
Some sneezing and nasal discharges are merely allergic reactions that can be caused by soft wood beddings (such as cedar and pine) or dusty hay. Some guinea pigs are even allergic to certain hays, including timothy.
有时候打喷嚏和流鼻涕仅仅是过敏，是由于木屑垫料（如香柏和松树木屑）或者干草上的灰尘所引起。有些猪猪甚至对一些特定的干草过敏，包括提摩西干草。
Coughing
咳嗽
Like sneezing, some coughing is normal in guinea pigs. Most of the time, coughing is brought about by a minor irritation in the windpipe, possibly caused by inhaling dusty hay or something similar. More serious would be constant coughing, which could be the sign of an infection or illness. Kennel Cough, in particular, is a rather serious illness in guinea pigs, and can actually be transmitted between species, including dogs, rabbits and guinea pigs. If any coughing is accompanied by other respiratory problems, particularly wheezing, then it is most likely a sign of a respiratory infection.
和打喷嚏一样，猪猪偶尔咳嗽是很正常的。大多数时候，咳嗽是由于气管受了刺激而引起，很可能是由于吸进了干草上的灰尘或者类似的东西。更严重的情况是频繁的咳嗽，这可能是传染或者疾病的征兆。特别是犬舍咳，对于猪猪来说是相当严重的疾病。日过咳嗽伴有其他呼吸问题，特别是气喘，则很可能是呼吸感染的征兆。
Wheezing, labored breathing
气喘，呼吸困难
Wheezing and labored breathing are usually a symptom of a respiratory infection, and should be treated very seriously. Typically, they are indicators of congestion (phlegm or fluids) in the respiratory system that could easily develop into pneumonia. If your guinea pig has these symptoms, you should take him or her to a competent vet right away.
气喘和呼吸困难通常是呼吸感染的征兆，必须谨慎对待。是呼吸系统堵塞（痰或液体）的典型症状，会很容易发展为肺炎。如果你的猪猪有这些症状，你必须马上带它们去兽医哪里诊治。
Scratching
抓痕
Scratching is also normal for guinea pigs, though excessive scratching can be a sign of a parasitic infection, such as lice or mites. Less common are fungal infections, which can also cause hair loss.
抓痕对于猪猪也是很正常的，但是过多的抓痕可能是寄生虫感染的征兆，比如虱子或者螨。比较少见的是真菌感染，还可能导致掉毛。
Lice are fairly easy to kill; a bath in a pyrethrin shampoo will almost always solve the problem, though it should be noted that lice eggs don't go away so easily. Often times, it will take two baths, about a week or two apart, to completely eradicate lice from a guinea pig. The first bath kills the existing lice, and the second kills the lice that hatch from the first batch's eggs. You can obtain a pyrethrin shampoo from your vet, who will instruct you in its use. Lice are also fairly easy to spot: they resemble tiny, brownish worms that crawl around through the hair near the surface of the skin.
虱子很容易杀死；用除虫菊酯洗发剂基本上就能解决问题了，但仍需注意的是虱子的卵不容易被清除。一般来说，需要洗两次，隔一星期洗一次，就能彻底解决猪猪身上的虱子。第一次洗可以杀死已有的虱子，第二次洗就可以杀死第一次洗掉的虱子的卵所孵化的虱子。你可以从你的兽医那里得到这种除虫菊酯洗发剂，他会推荐你使用的。虱子也很容易被发现：它们看起来是很小的棕色的小虫子，在皮肤表面的毛发间爬行。
Mites are more difficult to kill. They are also hard to spot initially, as they can't be seen with the naked eye. There are some home-remedies for eliminating mites, but most people opt for veterinary care, which usually involves injections of Ivermectin.
螨很难被杀死。它们开始的时候也很难被察觉，因为它们是肉眼很难看见的。有许多的专门除螨的家庭救助机构，但是大多数人还是选择到兽医处去治疗，通常采用注射伊佛霉素治疗。
Contrary to popular belief, fleas are not a big problem with guinea pigs. For some reason, fleas don't care much for the species, and usually aren't present for very long if they do take up residence.
与大众知道的相反，跳蚤对于猪猪来说不是大问题。因为，跳蚤对猪猪不太感兴趣，就算它们已经在猪猪身上了，通常也不会停留太久。
The hutch should always be cleaned and disinfected when dealing with parasites.
当处理寄生虫问题时，也需要将整个窝都要彻底清洁和消毒。
Diarrhea, soft stool
痢疾，软便
Diarrhea is an extremely serious condition in guinea pigs, as they can dehydrate and die quickly if the diarrhea persists. If you recently fed your pet a large amount of vegetables, or a new vegetable, that can be the cause. Try backing off the wet foods for a day or two to see if the problem clears up. Feeding lots of grass hay, such as timothy, can help keep your guinea pig's digestive system in balance.
痢疾对于猪猪是很严重的病了，因为如果痢疾持续下去，猪猪会很快脱水死亡。如果你最近喂猪猪大量的蔬菜或者一些新的蔬菜都可能会造成这个结果。试试一两天都给猪猪一些干的食物，看看问题会不会好转。喂食大量的干草，比如提摩西之类的，可以帮助猪猪消化系统的平衡。
If your guinea pig is on antibiotics, then the diarrhea could be caused by enteritis. Antibiotics work by killing bacteria, and can and do kill off the good, digestive bacteria in the stomach. If this happens, then it becomes more difficult for the guinea pig to properly digest its food. More information on antibiotics and their effects on guinea pigs can be found here.
如果你的猪猪正在使用抗生素，那么这个痢疾就有可能是由肠炎引起。抗生素用于杀死细菌，也会杀死胃里的消化细菌。如果发生了这样的情况，猪猪将更难以消化食物。
点击这里可以找到更多的关于抗生素对猪猪的影响的信息。
No matter the cause of diarrhea in your guinea pig, you can provide some basic treatment immediately that will help him or her recover more quickly. Take a half-capsule of lactobacillus acidophilus (available at any pharmacy or health-food store), and dissolve the powder in 1 cc of water. Using an open syringe (a syringe without the needle), feed the resulting liquid to the guinea pig by inserting the end of the syringe into its mouth, behind the incisors and from the side. Be sure to feed the acidophilus slowly, so they don't accidentally choke on it and send the fluid into their lungs.
无论是什么原因导致你的猪猪痢疾，你都可以采取以下的基本治疗方法帮助猪猪尽快回复过来。取半颗嗜酸乳杆菌（在任何药房或健康食品店均有售），将其磨碎溶解在1CC的水中。用没有针头的注射器，通过将其塞进猪猪的嘴里注射喂食给猪猪，要把针管从门牙旁边塞进猪猪的嘴里。一定要慢慢的喂，不要以为的哽住或者让液体流入肺部。
The lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacteria-growing culture that will accelerate the growth of the good, digestive bacteria in the guinea pig's stomach. Although many people suggest feeding yogurt for the same reasons, it is important to note that acidophilus as less is needed for the same results.
嗜酸乳杆菌是一种促进细菌生长的药物，将加速豚鼠胃中的消化细菌的生长。尽管许多人出于同样的目的建议使用酸奶酪，必须注意的是其中的有效成分就少得多了。
If your guinea pig is put on antibiotics, you should always give supplements of acidophilus as a preventative measure.
如果你的猪猪正在使用抗生素，也必须使用乳酸菌作为一种保护措施。
Milky-white urine, bladder sludge
乳白色尿液，膀胱沉淀物
The urine of guinea pigs typically has a slightly milky appearance to it, but if the urine is very white, and leaves white deposits after it dries, then it can be an indicator that your guinea pig is getting too much calcium in its diet. This can lead to bladder stones in some pigs.
猪猪正常的尿液看上去是轻微的乳白色，但是如果非常的白，干后还有白色的沉淀，那就预示着你的猪猪在饮食中摄入了太多的钙质。在一些猪猪中，甚至会导致膀胱结石。

Other health concerns
其他健康相关问题
There are some health concerns that you will want to be aware of that aren't necessarily related to an illness or an infection. Some of these are described below.
有一些你会想要知道的健康问题,但不是与生病或感染有必然的联系。其中的一些详述如下。
Broken toenails
折断脚指甲
Toenail breaks typically happen when the toenails have grown too long and brittle, but can also be caused by accidents even if kept trimmed to the proper length. If the toenail breaks such that the quick is cut, you should treat the wound with some quick-stop, if available, and dab some iodine or hydrogen peroxide on it periodically to prevent infection.
脚指甲长得太长而脆弱时就容易发生断裂, 即使修剪了保持着适当的长度也可能会由于事故折断。如果趾甲打破或者断裂后，如果有的话,你应该立即往伤口上抹一些快速止血药,再定期抹一些碘酒和过氧化氢以防止感染。
Sometimes, the toenail can break off completely, exposing the bone of the toe. In these cases, it is important to go see a vet to have the wound inspected, as it is likely that an abscess may form due to bacterial infections, requiring antibiotics.
有时候,脚趾甲可能完全折断,暴露出的脚趾的骨头。在这种情况下,最重要的是立即去看兽医处检查伤口, 因为细菌感染可能会导致脓疡，需要使用抗生素。
Broken teeth
折断牙齿
If a tooth breaks, then you will need to make feeding arrangements for your guinea pig, as it will not be able to eat hard foods. Most owners will puree pellets, fresh greens and their soft poops and feed with an open syringe. Always consult your vet in these cases for assistance and advice. Some tips on syringe feeding can be found here.
如果有一颗牙折断了,那你将需要对您猪猪的食谱作出改变,因为它不能吃硬的食物。大多数主人将饲料,新鲜的蔬菜和柔软的便便煮成浓汤，然后用没有针头的注射器注入猪猪嘴里喂食。在这种情况下请咨询你的兽医,寻求帮助和建议。一些关于注射器喂养的注意事项可以在这里找到。
Impaction
阻塞
If boars are not getting enough fiber in their diet, they may face impaction problems as they grow older. Impaction occurs when feces hardens just inside the anus, making it impossible for the boar to pull out the soft droppings that it needs to eat. This lump must be removed. Smear petroleum jelly inside the anus, wait an hour, and then squeeze the lump out. This will be somewhat painful for the boar at first.
如果公猪没有从饮食中得到足够的纤维素,随着它们长大可能会面临阻塞问题。阻塞问题发生时，粪便在肛门里时就变硬,那猪野猪很难排出它需要吃的软便,这需要多吃点东西，这个硬团必须清除。将污迹凡士林注入肛门里面,等待一个小时,然后挤出便团。这对猪猪来说将会有点疼痛。
There is some evidence to suggest that a regular diet that is high in fiber can prevent impaction. The best source of fiber is a grass hay, such as timothy.
有一些证据表明,日常饮食中富含高纤维可以防止阻塞。纤维的最佳来源是干草,例如提摩西。

尿沉淀后有白色的东西说明这猪有尿结石？

人工置顶。。。

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