去年鄙人到内地办事顺便参观了一家大型国有企业.有位负责技术的车间副主任带我参观了他们的金工车间(在此继续对他表示感谢).对於他们的管理水平我就不想在此伤他们自尊心了!但对於他们的加工技术还是可以多谈两句:他们仍然采用的是人工装卸料，人工锁紧工装夹具,人工检测，人工控制.人工转运料...仍然采用的是"老,大,粗,笨"的普通机床加工.劳动强度大,生产效率低.整个车间看上去都是黑鸦鸦的人头.....哎呀呀,这个厂的领导还真有个性!为了给内地企业有些启示,特开辟此主题供大家探讨.欢迎数控加工技术爱好者或者高手参与探讨!

CNC机床操作综合流程 GENERAL FLOW OF OPERATION OF CNC MACHINE TOOL 1)用CNC机床加工产品，首先要准备编写程式,用程式驱动CNC机床动作 When machining the part using the CNC machine tool,first prepare the program, then operate the CNC machine by using the program. 2)将程式输入到CNC系统,装料并安装刀具，按照编程（模拟）运行刀具,最後就可以加工了. The program is to be read into the CNC system.Then,mount the workpieces and tools on the machine,and operate the tools according to the programming.Finally,execute the machining actually. 零件图纸→→→零件编程→→→CNC机床 Part drawing→→→Part programming→→→CNC machine tool 在实际编程之前，要规划如何加工该零件. Before the actual programming,make the machining plan for how to machine the part. 1)确定工件加工范围 Determination of workpieces machining range. 2)机床上落料方法 Method of mounting workpieces on the machine tool 3)各个工步之加工顺序 Machining sequence in every cutting process. 4)切削刀具及切削条件(根据每次加工的工件外形准备刀路及切削条件程式) Cutting tools and cutting conditions(Prepare the program of the tool path and cutting condition according to the workpiece figure,for each cutting.)

编程 (PROGRAMMING)一)刀具沿工件外形做插补运动.Tool Movement along workpiece parts figure interpolation.刀具沿直线运动和圆弧运动便形成了工件的外形.The tool moves along straight lines and arcs constituting theworkpiece parts figure.当刀具沿平行於Z轴做直线运动时,程式为G01 Z...;Program is G01 Z....when tool moves along the straight line which is parallel to Z axis.当刀具沿平行於X轴做直线运动时,程式为G01 X...;Program is G01 X....when tool moves along the straight line which is parallel to X axis.当刀具沿锥线(斜线)运动时,程式为G01 X...Z...;Program is G01 X...Z...when tool moves along the taper line .当刀具沿弧形运动时,程式为:G02 X...Z...R...或者G03 X...Z...R...;Program is G02 X...Z...R... or G03 X...Z...R...when tool moves along an arc .直螺纹切削时，程式为G32 Z...F...Program is G32 Z...F...when straight thread cutting.锥螺纹切削时，程式为G32 X...Z...F...Program is G32 X...Z...F...when taper thread cutting.等等(etc.)二)进给功能(Feed Function)刀具切削工件以指定的移动速度叫进给Movement of the tool at a specified speed for cutting a workpiece is called the feed.进给率可以用真实的数字指定,比如当工件旋转一圈刀具移动2mm时就可以用下面指令F2.0.Feedrates can be specified by using actual numerics. For example,the following command can be used to feed the tool 2mm while theworkpiece makes one turn.三)零件图坐标系及CNC坐标系Coordinate System on Part Drawing and CNC Coordinate System.a )零件图坐标系 零件图设到坐标系里,零件的坐标值作为编程的数据使用.Coordinate system on part drawingThe coordinate system is written on the part drawing,As the program data,the coordinate values on this coordinate systemare used.b )CNC坐标系的确定坐标系设在实际的机床上.这个坐标系的建立可以通过刀具从当前位置到坐标系零点的距离编程设定完成.Coordinate system specified by the CNC.The coordinate system is prepared on the actual machine tool.This can be achieved by programming the distance from the current position of the tool to the zero point of the coordinatesystem to be set.