啊对,System`Private`DerivativeX 是可疑,忘了有没有在吧里说过了,我21年6月(版本12.3时代)的时候还发现过另一个bug: u'[x] /. u -> Function[x, With[{t = x}, U[t]]] u'[x] /. u -> Function[x, Evaluate@With[{t = x}, U[t]]] (* 0 *) 客服回信中相关的部分: As you can see by evaluating Trace[] or TracePrint[] of your first evaluation, internal System` variables used in the computation of Derivatives are being set during the attempted evaluation of the derivative of With[]. System`Private`DerivativeX[1] = System`Private`DerivativeX[2] 进一步实验后,发现 System`Private`DerivativeX // Clear 可以去除此污染,但是客服表示不推荐。 此 bug 至今未修。