败家丹💞的个人资料

第十三课钻井液 1.你当泥浆工有多久了? How long have you worked as a mud boy? 五年了，自从参加工作一直当泥浆工。 For five years,I have been working as a mud boy since taking part injob. 2.什么是石油工业中的泥浆? In the petroleum industry,what is mud? 冷却钻头的液体叫泥浆。 The fluid for cooling the bit is called mud. 3.谁来配泥浆，在哪儿配? Who mixes the mud ?Where is the mud mixed? 由钻工在泥浆罐上配。 The floormen mix it at the mud tanks. 4.什么是瑕土?它由什么组成? What is bentonite?What does it consist of? 土就是一种粘土，它由钙、锰和铝组成。 Bentonite is a clay.It consists of calcium,magnesium and aluminum(aluminium). 5.什么是流体 What is a fluid? 任何能够流动的物质。 A fluid is anything that flows. 6.泥浆有什么用? What does the mud do? 它使钻头冷却。 It keeps the bit cool. 7.泥浆怎样到达钻头? How does the mud reach the bit? 它通过空心的钻柱到达。 It passes through the hollow string. 8.你们用什么办法测泥浆的含盐量? What method do you take to check the quantity of salt in the mud? 泥浆中的含盐量是用这种办法测出来的。 The quantity of salt in the mud is measured in this way. 9.那个地方能存放多少吨重晶石? How many tons of barite can be placed there? 大约60吨。 It's about sixty tons. 10.那天这个罐里有一些泥浆，那个罐里有多少水? On that day there was some mud in this tank.How much water wasthere in that one? 大约十立方米。 It's about ten cubic meters. 11.还需要盐水吗? Will more salt water be needed? 还需要50立方米。 Yes,It needs 50 cubic meters more. 12.你知道怎样保存这种泥浆药品吗? Do you know how to keep this kind of mud material? 在任何情况下，都不应该把这种泥浆药品放在阳光下很久，否则它就会变质。 Under no conditions should this kind of mud material be put in thesun for too long.Otherwise its properties will go bad. 13.你知道怎样使用这些泥浆药品吗? Do you know how to use these mud materials? 我们在使用泥浆药品之前，必须了解其性能。 Before using mud materials,we must know their properties. 14.你们清理泥浆罐需要多长时间? How long will it take you to clean the mud tank? 清理泥浆罐这项工作太费功夫，大约需要3个小时。 This work takes up too much time to clean the mud tank.It will takeus about three hours. 15.你们隔多久做一次泥浆性能试验? How often do you make an experiment with mud properties. 每四小时做一次。 Every four hours. 16.这种特殊的液体叫什么? What's the name of the special fluid? 这种液体叫泥浆。 This fluid is called mud. 17.由谁来管理泥浆。 Who is the person in charge of the drilling fluid? 泥浆工程师或泥浆工负责管理泥浆。 The mud engineer or'mudman'is in charge of the mud. 18.钻工们在干什么? What are the floormen doing? 他们在把粘土和药品混在一起。 They are mixing clay and chemicals. 19.什么事? What's up? 把泥浆工叫来? Get me the mud man. 20.你们怎么检测井底的泥浆呢? How do you check the mud from the bottom of the hole? 首先等泥浆从井底沿环空返到地面。 First,waiting for the mud to travel from the bottom,up through theannulus to the surface . 21.设计泥浆比重应当比岩屑比重高些还是低些，为什么? Is the specific gravity of the drilling fluid programmed to be higher orlower than the specific gravity of the cuttings?Why? 应当高些，以便在停止循环时悬浮岩屑。 It must be higher,so that it can hold the cuttings in suspension if themud circulation stops. 22.如果由于某些原因停止循环，岩屑为什么会被悬浮? If for any reason the mud circulation stops,the cuttings will be heldin suspension.How?Why? 为了防止岩屑下沉堵塞井底，泥浆比重大于岩屑比重。 Because the specific gravity of the mud is higher than the specificgravity of the cuttings.To prevent them from sinking and blocking upthe bottom of the hole. 23.钻井液有哪些主要用途? What are the principal purposes of drilling fluid? 共有六点主要作用： There are six points of the principal purposes: (1)清洗井底。 Clean the bottom of the hole. (2)冷却钻头。Cool the bit. (3)清除井内岩屑。 Flush cuttings from the hole. (4)稳固井壁防止井塌。 Support the walls of the well so that they do not cave in. (5)防止地层流体进入井内。 Prevent the entry of formation fluid into the borehole. (6)润滑钻具。 Lubricate the drill string(stem). 24.泥浆中经常用哪些化学处理剂? What chemicals treating of mud is often used?用于处理泥浆的化学药品有许多种。 Many different kinds of chemicals are used to treat mud. 25.你们都用过哪些化学处理剂? What chemical-treating reagent of mud did you used?我们已经用过许多种化学处理剂。例如： We have used many kinds of chemicals.For example: (1)纯碱 soda ash(sodium carbonate). (2)磷酸钠 sodium phosphate. (3)酸性焦磷酸钠 sodium acid pyrophosphate. (4)烧碱caustic soda(sodium hydroxide). (5)栲胶 quebracho. (6)木质素磺酸盐 lignosulfonate. (7)氯化钙 calcium chloride. (8)羧甲基纤维素CMC(carboxymethyl cellulose) (9)聚丙烯酰胺 polyacrylamide. (10)石灰(氧化钙)lime(calcium oxide). (11)乳化剂 emulsifying agent. 二、参考句子 IIseful Sentences 1.我们不再需要泥浆了。 We shall not need any more drilling fluid. 2.开泵后，泥浆不是在变凉，而是在变热。 After starting the pump,the drilling fluid is not getting cold.It's get-ting warm. 3.我们昨天到泥浆站去了。 We went to the mud plant yesterday. 4.这里的泥浆不会再受污染。 The mud here will not be polluted any more. 5.停泵后，泥浆不是在变热，而是在变凉。 After stopping the pump,the mud is not bein heatd.I:is beingcooled. 6.对泥浆有许多加热办法。 There are many ways to heat the mud. 7.循环着的泥浆能散出热量。 The circulating mud can give off heat. 8.昨天做的实验是很成功的。 The experiment carried out yesterday is very successful. 9.使用各种泥浆药品时，你必须对其中的每一种都非常了解。 Using all kinds of mud materials,you must know each of them verywell. 10.那个泥浆罐是这个罐的四倍大。 That mud tank is four times as large as this one. 11.泥浆温度高达摄氏70度。 The temperature of mud is as high as 70C(centigrade). 12.温度越高，压力就越大。 The higher the temperature,the greater the pressure. 13.泥浆液面随温度的变化而升降。 The level of mud liquid goes up or down as its temperature changes. 14.泥浆好像水一样，可以从一处流往另一处。 Mud can flow from one part to another as if it were water. 15.我们必须努力发展用于钻井液的新材料。 It is necessary for us to make great efforts to develop new material fordrilling fluid. 16.在实验室做完新型泥浆试验以后，我将把结果告诉你。 After having carried out the experiment with the new type of mud inour laboratory,I shall tell you the results. 17.人们知道这样的事实，泥浆的最大浪费确实是污染造成的，因此，必须尽一切办法来克服它。 It is known to be true that the greatest waste caused in mud is by pol- lution.Therefore it is necessary to overcome it in every way possible. 18.你认为我们有必要检查一下泥浆液面吗?它可能太低了。 Do you think it's necessary for us to check the mud level?It may betoo low 19.还没有证据说明这种泥浆药品有害，因此，它还用得很广泛。 No proof has been given of this mud material being harmful.There-fore,it is still much used. 20.你们现在供应的这些泥浆材料，显然比我们以前得到的要好。 Such mud materials as you are now supplying have distinct advantag-es over those we got before. 21.假如用了较好的泥浆材料，效率就会高得多。 If a better mud material had been used,the efficiency would havebeen much increased. 22.劳驾为我们打开那个闸门好吗? Would you mind opening that valve for us? 23.我已向他说清楚，在他处理这种混合剂之前，必须采取预防措施。 I have made it clear to him that precautions must be taken before hedeals with this mixture. 24.请给我把泥浆比重计取来! Get me the mud scale,please! 25.我们不能让泥浆工来做这项工作。 We cannot get this work done by a mud boy. 26.这种泥浆药品有多种性质。 This sort of mud material has many properties. 27.泥浆仪器出了毛病，他们只好把试验重做一次。 There was something wrong with the mud instrument.They had to re-peat their experiment once again. 28.我们不能允许你们这样浪费泥浆药品。 We can't have you wasting the mud material in this way. 29.你们最好跟泥浆工程师一起改进这台设备。 You had better improve the equipment with the mud engineer. 30.他们昨天做了两次泥浆性能试验。 Yesterday they made two times of experiment in mud property. 31.我们必须把这些现象弄清楚。 We must make the phenomena clear. 32.我们大量生产各种样式的泥浆罐。 We manufacture mud tank of all makes in large quantities. 33.这条路将把我们带往泥浆站。 This road will take us to the mud plant. 34.这种泥浆药品不会着火。 This mud material will not take fire. 35.这种泥浆药品很快就会见效。 This mud material will soon take effect. 36.岩屑由一种专用的液体带到地面。 The cuttings are carried to the surface by a special luid. 37.泥浆是一种由粘土、水和化学药品组成的混合物。 Mud is a mixture of clay,water and chemicals. 38.泥浆工程师指导钻工怎样在泥浆罐上配泥浆。 The mud engineer tells the floormen how to mix the mud at the mudtanks. 39.我们有必要检查泥浆罐。 We'll have to check the mud tanks. 40.泥浆不仅用来把岩屑带到地面，同时还能冷却钻头。 Mud is not only used for carrying the cuttings up to the surface and isalso used for keeping the bit cool. 41.钻井液由泥浆工程师管理。 The drilling fluid is controlled by the mud engineer. 42.泥浆工在检测泥浆失水量。 The mud man is checking the water loss of the drilling fluid. 43.为了控制钻井液的粘度及其他性能，就必须经常对钻井液进行化学处理。 Drilling mud often must be chemically treated to control viscosity andother properties.

第十二课起下钻、接單根与甩钻具一、问答对话Dialogues 1.我们准备什么时候起鑽? What time are we going to pull out of hole? 请九点三十分开始起钻! Please pull out of hole at 9:30! 2.你知道什么时候下钻吗? Do you know what time to run in hole? 他说，他们修完泵就下钻。 He said that they would run in hole after they repaired the pump. 3.我们什么时候开始甩钻具? What time will we start laying（ˈleɪɪŋ） down drill stem? 请明天开始甩钻具! Please start laying down drillpipes tomorrow! 4.钻工们在做什么? What are the roughnecks doing? 他们正在甩钻具。 They are laying down drillpipes. 5.他们什么时候开始甩的钻具(立柱)? When did they start to lay down the drill string? 钻工们在吃午饭前就开始甩钻具了。 The floormen had laid down the drill stem before they ate lunch. 6.这两天你们在做什么? What have you been doing these two days? 这两天我们都在甩钻具。 These two days we have been laying down drill tools. 7.今天我们做什么? What work shall we do today? 今天我们的工作就是起钻。 Today our work is to pull out of hole. 8.明天我们应当干什么? What work should we do tomorrow? 接大钻具是我们明天的工作。 To pick up BHA is our work tomorrow. 9.你们要用什么办法甩钻具? What methods will you take to lay down drill string? 我们打算用液压大钳。 We intend（ɪnˈtend）to use the hydraulic tong. 10.他们起钻的速度有多快? How fast do they pull out of hole? 他们每小时能起30柱钻杆。 They can pull out thirty strings of drill pipe per hour. 11.昨天下午你们是几点开始起钻的? What time did you begin to pull out of hole yesterday afternoon? 三点半。 It's three thirty. 12.你能告诉我怎样起钻吗? Could you tell me how to pull out of hole? 首先把方钻杆卸掉放在鼠洞里。 First,the kelly is broken out and is set into the rathole. 然后把钻具按立柱卸开，摆在钴杆盒上。 Then the string is broken out in stands and the stands are stood back on the rig floor. 13.为什么起钻时要起立柱，而不起单根? The string is tripped out of the hole in stands,not in singles.What is the reason for this? 为了让钻工能尽快地起出来。 So that the crew can do the job more quickly. 14.为什么井架工要有较好地平衡能力? A derrickman must have excellent（ˈek sə lənt）balance（ˈbæləns）,why? 因为他在井架高处的小平台上工作。 Because he must work high up in the derrick on a small platform（ˈplætfɔːm）. 15.架工操作台为什么叫“猴台”? The platform（ˈplætfɔːm）that a derrickman uses is called the“monkey board”,for what reason（原因）? 因为在上面工作的人保持平衡很像树上的猴子。 Because a worker balances on it rather（ˈrɑːðə(r)adv. 颇，相当） like a monkey in a tree. 16.如何把大钳悬挂在工作高度上? How are the tongs suspended（səˈspendɪd）at working height? 用钢丝绳把它接在悬挂器上。 On a wire（ˈwaɪər）line connected（kəˈnektɪd v. （使）连接）to the suspension（səˈs pen ʃ(ə)n）悬架unit. 17.为什么丝扣油要有粘度? Why must dope（dəʊp丝扣油）be viscous（ˈvɪskəs adj. 粘性的；黏的）? 以防它从丝扣上流下来。 So that it doesn't flow out of the threads（θredz）. 18.短途起钻与正常起钻有何不同? What is the difference between a dummy（ˈdʌmi）trip and a round（raʊnd） trip? 短途起钻只是起出一部分钻具，然后下到底。正常起钻是将全部钻具从井内起出来，然后再下入井内。 In a dummy trip,the string is hoisted（ˈhɔɪstɪd）only part of the way up and then it's run back to bottom(ˈbɒtəm).In a round trip,it's hoisted（ˈhɔɪstɪd）completely(kəmˈpliːtli) out of the hole before it's run back. 二、参考句子Useful Sentences 1.看来要起钻了? It looks like pulling out of hole? 2.现在起钻吧! Now pull out of hole,please! 3.现在请下钻! Now run in hole,please! 4.请接一个单根!Please pick up a single! Make up a joint,please! 5.请卸一个单根!Please unload a single ! Break down a joint,please! 6.请起钻，换下部钻具结构! Please pull out of hole and change bottom hole assembly(əˈsembli)(BHA)! 7.请往钻杆里打点重泥浆，然后起钻! First of all,slug(slʌɡ) pipe,and then trip out of hole,please! 8.他们当中有几个人正在把钻具排好。 Some of them are getting drillpipes in order. 9.你到的时候我们将在起钻。 We shall be pulling out of hole at the moment of your arrival(əˈraɪv(ə)l到达). 10.在李先生到达井场之前，我们已经把钻杆全部起完了。 We had pulled out of hole with all the drill pipes before Mr Li arrived（əˈraɪvd抵达） at the location, 11.我问过贝利先生我们什么时候下钻。 I asked Mr Bailey when we should run in hole with drill stem. 12.有的钻工喜欢起钻，有的钻工喜欢下钻。 Some floormen like to pull out of hole,and others like to run in hole. 13.钻工喜欢用这种大钳。 The roughnecks like to use this kind of tong. 14.昨天我们下了一趟钻。 We made a trip yesterday. 15.请再上一扣! Make it up one more thread（/θred扣型）,please! 16.请把方钻杆打完! Make the kelly down,please! 17.六点钟务必起钻! Do pull out of hole at six! 18.只有在必要时才进行起下钻。Trip only if necessary Round trips are made only if they are necessary. 19. 请把钻头盒（钻头装卸器）放这儿! Please put the bit breaker here! 20.平常你们起钻使用防喷盒吗? Do you usually use the spray（spreɪ n. 喷雾液体）arrester（əˈrestə(r) n.防止装置） while pulling out of hole?

第十二课接单根与甩钻具第十二课起下钻、接單根与甩钻具Lesson Twelve Trips,Make Up a Joint andLaying Down the Drill Stems一、问答对话Dialogues1.我们准备什么时候起鑽?What time are we going to pull out of hole?请九点三十分开始起钻!Please pull out of hole at 9:30!2.你知道什么时候下钻吗?Do you know what time to run in hole?他说，他们修完泵就下钻。He said that they would run in hole after they repaired the pump.3.我们什么时候开始甩钻具?What time will we start laying（ˈleɪɪŋ） down drill stem?请明天开始甩钻具!Please start laying down drillpipes tomorrow!4.钻工们在做什么?What are the roughnecks doing?他们正在甩钻具。They are laying down drillpipes.5.他们什么时候开始甩的钻具?When did they start to lay down the drill string?钻工们在吃午饭前就开始甩钻具了。The floormen had laid down the drill stem before they ate lunch.6.这两天你们在做什么?What have you been doing these two days?这两天我们都在甩钻具。These two days we have been laying down drill tools.7.今天我们做什么?What work shall we do today?今天我们的工作就是起钻。Today our work is to pull out of hole.8.明天我们应当干什么?What work should we do tomorrow?接大钻具是我们明天的工作。To pick up BHA is our work tomorrow.9.你们要用什么办法甩钻具?What methods will you take to lay down drill string?我们打算用液压大钳。We intend（ɪnˈtend）to use the hydraulic tong.10.他们起钻的速度有多快?How fast do they pull out of hole?他们每小时能起30柱钻杆。They can pull out thirty strings of drill pipe per hour.11.昨天下午你们是几点开始起钻的?What time did you begin to pull out of hole yesterday afternoon?三点半。It's three thirty.12.你能告诉我怎样起钻吗?Could you tell me how to pull out of hole?首先把方钻杆卸掉放在鼠洞里。First,the kelly is broken out and is set into the rathole.然后把钻具按立柱卸开，摆在钴杆盒上。Then the string is broken out in stands and the stands are stood back on the rig floor.13.为什么起钻时要起立柱，而不起单根?The string is tripped out of the hole in stands,not in singles.What isthe reason for this?为了让钻工能尽快地起出来。So that the crew can do the job more quickly.14.为什么井架工要有较好地平衡能力?A derrickman must have excellent（ˈek sə lənt）balance（ˈbæləns）,why?因为他在井架高处的小平台上工作。Because he must work high up in the derrick on a small platform（ˈplætfɔːm）.15.架工操作台为什么叫“猴台”?The platform（ˈplætfɔːm）

第十二课起下钻、接單根与甩钻具 Lesson Twelve Trips,Make Up 一、问答对话Dialogues 1.我们准备什么时候起鑽? What time are we going to pull out of hole? 请九点三十分开始起钻! Please pull out of hole at 9:30! 2.你知道什么时候下钻吗? Do you know what time to run in hole? 他说，他们修完泵就下钻。 He said that they would run in hole after they repaired the pump. 3.我们什么时候开始甩钻具? What time will we start laying（ˈleɪɪŋ） down drill stem? 请明天开始甩钻具! Please start laying down drillpipes tomorrow! 4.钻工们在做什么? What are the roughnecks doing? 他们正在甩钻具。 They are laying down drillpipes. 5.他们什么时候开始甩的钻具(立柱)? When did they start to lay down the drill string? 钻工们在吃午饭前就开始甩钻具了。 The floormen had laid down the drill stem before they ate lunch. 6.这两天你们在做什么? What have you been doing these two days? 这两天我们都在甩钻具。 These two days we have been laying down drill tools. 7.今天我们做什么? What work shall we do today? 今天我们的工作就是起钻。 Today our work is to pull out of hole. 8.明天我们应当干什么? What work should we do tomorrow? 接大钻具是我们明天的工作。 To pick up BHA is our work tomorrow. 9.你们要用什么办法甩钻具? What methods will you take to lay down drill string? 我们打算用液压大钳。 We intend（ɪnˈtend）to use the hydraulic tong. 10.他们起钻的速度有多快? How fast do they pull out of hole? 他们每小时能起30柱钻杆。 They can pull out thirty strings of drill pipe per hour. 11.昨天下午你们是几点开始起钻的? What time did you begin to pull out of hole yesterday afternoon? 三点半。 It's three thirty. 12.你能告诉我怎样起钻吗? Could you tell me how to pull out of hole? 首先把方钻杆卸掉放在鼠洞里。 First,the kelly is broken out and is set into the rathole. 然后把钻具按立柱卸开，摆在钴杆盒上。 Then the string is broken out in stands and the stands are stood back on the rig floor. 13.为什么起钻时要起立柱，而不起单根? The string is tripped out of the hole in stands,not in singles.What is the reason for this? 为了让钻工能尽快地起出来。 So that the crew can do the job more quickly. 14.为什么井架工要有较好地平衡能力? A derrickman must have excellent（ˈek sə lənt）balance（ˈbæləns）,why? 因为他在井架高处的小平台上工作。 Because he must work high up in the derrick on a small platform（ˈplætfɔːm）. 15.架工操作台为什么叫“猴台”? The platform（ˈplætfɔːm）that a derrickman uses is called the“monkey board”,for what reason（原因）? 因为在上面工作的人保持平衡很像树上的猴子。 Because a worker balances on it rather（ˈrɑːðə(r)adv. 颇，相当） like a monkey in a tree. 16.如何把大钳悬挂在工作高度上? How are the tongs suspended（səˈspendɪd）at working height? 用钢丝绳把它接在悬挂器上。 On a wire（ˈwaɪər）line connected（kəˈnektɪd v. （使）连接）to the suspension（səˈs pen ʃ(ə)n）悬架unit. 17.为什么丝扣油要有粘度? Why must dope（dəʊp丝扣油）be viscous（ˈvɪskəs adj. 粘性的；黏的）? 以防它从丝扣上流下来。 So that it doesn't flow out of the threads（θredz）. 18.短途起钻与正常起钻有何不同? What is the difference between a dummy（ˈdʌmi）trip and a round（raʊnd） trip? 短途起钻只是起出一部分钻具，然后下到底。正常起钻是将全部钻具从井内起出来，然后再下入井内。 In a dummy trip,the string is hoisted（ˈhɔɪstɪd）only part of the way up and then it's run back to bottom(ˈbɒtəm).In a round trip,it's hoisted（ˈhɔɪstɪd）completely(kəmˈpliːtli) out of the hole before it's run back. 二、参考句子Useful Sentences 1.看来要起钻了? It looks like pulling out of hole? 2.现在起钻吧! Now pull out of hole,please! 3.现在请下钻! Now run in hole,please! 4.请接一个单根!Please pick up a single! Make up a joint,please! 5.请卸一个单根!Please unload a single ! Break down a joint,please! 6.请起钻，换下部钻具结构! Please pull out of hole and change bottom hole assembly(əˈsembli)(BHA)! 7.请往钻杆里打点重泥浆，然后起钻! First of all,slug(slʌɡ) pipe,and then trip out of hole,please! 8.他们当中有几个人正在把钻具排好。 Some of them are getting drillpipes in order. 9.你到的时候我们将在起钻。 We shall be pulling out of hole at the moment of your arrival(əˈraɪv(ə)l到达). 10.在李先生到达井场之前，我们已经把钻杆全部起完了。 We had pulled out of hole with all the drill pipes before Mr Li arrived（əˈraɪvd抵达） at the location, 11.我问过贝利先生我们什么时候下钻。 I asked Mr Bailey when we should run in hole with drill stem. 12.有的钻工喜欢起钻，有的钻工喜欢下钻。 Some floormen like to pull out of hole,and others like to run in hole. 13.钻工喜欢用这种大钳。 The roughnecks like to use this kind of tong. 14.昨天我们下了一趟钻。 We made a trip yesterday. 15.请再上一扣! Make it up one more thread（/θred扣型）,please! 16.请把方钻杆打完! Make the kelly down,please! 17.六点钟务必起钻! Do pull out of hole at six! 18.只有在必要时才进行起下钻。Trip only if necessary Round trips are made only if they are necessary. 19. 请把钻头盒（钻头装卸器）放这儿! Please put the bit breaker here! 20.平常你们起钻使用防喷盒吗? Do you usually use the spray（spreɪ n. 喷雾液体）arrester（əˈrestə(r) n.防止装置） while pulling out of hole?