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2016.2 报表 就是用表格、图表等格式来动态显示数据,可以用公式表示为:“报表 = 多样的格式 + 动态的数据”。 在没有计算机以前,人们利用纸和笔来记录数据,比如:民间常常说的豆腐帐,就是卖豆腐的每天将自己的卖出的豆腐记在一个本子上,然后每月都要汇总算算,这种情况下,报表数据和报表格式是紧密结合在一起的,都在同一个本子上。数据也只能有一种几乎只有记帐的人才能理解的表现形式,且这种形式难于修改。当计算机出现之后,人们利用计算机处理数据和界面设计的功能来生成、展示报表。计算机上的报表的主要特点是数据动态化,格式多样化,并且实现报表数据和报表格式的完全分离,用户可以只修改数据,或者只修改格式。报表分类EXCEL、WORD等编辑软件:它们可以做出很复杂的报表格式,但是由于它们没有定义专门的报表结构来动态的加载报表数据,所有这类软件中的数据都是已经定义好的,静态的,不能动态变化的。它们没有办法实现报表软件的“数据动态化”特性。数据库软件:它们可以拥有动态变化的数据,但是这类软件一般只会提供,最简单的表格形式来显示数据。它们没有实现报表软件的"格式多样化"的特性。报表软件,它们需要有专门的报表结构来动态的加载数据,同时也能够实现报表格式的多样化。
news practice Quality of arable land 'worrying' Many soil samples in study have excessive levels of pollution Pollutants in more than 16 percent of Chinese soil exceed national standards, an official report said on Thursday. For arable land, the figure rises to almost 20 percent, said the report issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources. Officials and experts described the results as "not optimistic", as the quality of arable land is worrying and deserted industrial land suffers from serious problems. The report, which was carried out from April 2005 to December 2013, covered about 6.3 million square kilometers. Around 100,000 samples covered all arable land, part of the woodland, grassland and construction land in China. Pollutants included 13 types of inorganic pollutants, mainly heavy metals, and three types of organic pollutants. All may affect the production and quality of crops and are hazardous to human health. Almost 70 percent of the contaminated samples are "slightly polluted", meaning that pollutants in the samples exceed the standard by up to two times. About 7 percent are "heavily polluted", which is more than five times the standard, the report said. Chen Tongbin, a senior expert on soil pollution who participated in the investigation, said: "Unlike airborne pollution and water pollution, pollutants in soil spreads unevenly, even in a restricted area, so if the area represented by a sample is so big, we cannot say that the sample shows pollution of this area without further investigation." Each sample represents an area of 64 sq km in this investigation, larger than the size of Manhattan, said Chen, a researcher at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. But Wang Shiyuan, vice-minister of land and resources, revealed during a news conference on Dec 30 that the area of contaminated arable land in China is around 3.33 million hectares, almost the size of Belgium. Wang cited the figure from results of a national land survey conducted by the Environment Protection Ministry. But that figure did not appear in the newly released report. The report shows that polluted farmland is concentrated along the developed eastern coast, the Pearl River Delta, and the northeastern industrial belt. Pollution by heavy metals is particularly severe in the southwest. Compared with research by the Environmental Protection Ministry in the 1970s, the concentration of cadmium in soil all over the country has increased — by more than 50 percent in the southwest and areas along the coast, and by 10 to 40 percent in western, north and northeast China, the report said. Chen said excess pollutants in soil do not always mean pollution. For some regions such as southwest China, where non-ferrous mineral resources are rich, the natural presence of heavy metal is much higher than in the other areas. But in more cases, the excess is caused by pollution. The tainted land may affect the production and quality of crops, and may also contaminate rivers and groundwater, said Wang Qi, head of the Institute of Environmental Engineering Technology at the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. To get rid of the heavy metals in arable land, he said there are mainly two ways, which require time and money. One is to keep the heavy metals in the soil and prevent them from entering the crops, another is to use certain types of plants that will absorb most of the heavy metals. "Solving soil pollution is extremely hard because it is invisible and requires higher costs," Wang Qi said.
三月重庆掀“中泰”热潮    随着昨日下午的新闻发布会风风火火地召开,第五届国际武术搏击赛正式地拉开了帷幕。分别来自中方、泰方、中国澳门和香港的六名裁判也已全部抵渝,一切整装亟需待发。      在重庆当地,市民们也奔走相告,口口相传,很多市民也对此次比赛表现出了积极地响应。“票具体销售了多少,我还真的不是很清楚,我们有专门的票务公司负责运营,今晚就能见分晓了。不过,依几年的现场反响来看,这次现场肯定会很火爆。”组委会副主任赵鹏对易功夫记者如是说道。      三月,重庆天气这两天异乎寻常的炎热,已达到30摄氏度,让原本就很火热的国际武术搏击赛变得更加火爆起来。借助着09年底佛山中泰争霸赛里泰拳在中国席卷的热潮还没有褪去,此次国际武术搏击赛顺势地选择了泰拳作为中国散打的对手。据记者了解到,泰拳馆也已经踏上了重庆这块土地。当前天泰拳王抵达重庆时,到达酒店稍做休息后就直奔这家泰拳馆为自己造势,聚集民众基础。      据悉,在第四届国际武术搏击王争霸赛的现场,由于最后一场精彩的巅峰对决,让当时现场的观众情绪达到高潮,前排的观众都纷纷跑入拳台边上,现场曾一度失控。如此种种,市民对这一搏击赛事的热衷程度可见一斑。      “我们到了重庆当地后,在场馆周围的一些老头老太太都知道这儿要举行一场中泰对抗赛,市民还是很热情的。”中方王祥权主教练在接受记者采访时如是说道。 本文转载自易功夫网站
2010上海MMA裁判资格培训会招募贴(免费活动,吧主勿删) 时间:2010年1月14日10:00—17:00 地点:上海赛瑞MMA搏击俱乐部 主题:MMA综合格斗比赛场裁,主裁和边裁资格培训会 主办单位:上海赛瑞MMA搏击俱乐部 主讲人:Ramsey Dewey(现役MMA选手,跆拳道黑带,MMA教学经验丰富) 门票: 免费 简介: 体验最火爆的终极格斗,走近最精彩的综合搏击。由上海塞瑞MMA搏击俱乐部主办的MMA裁判资格证书培训会,由资深现役MMA选手兼MMA私人教练Ramsey带你领略综合搏击的热血沸腾。不仅让你彻底了解MMA的规则,让你在观赏MMA比赛时不再迷惑,更有现场MMA动作演示,让你在最近距离亲眼目睹现役MMA选手的格斗技巧。培训会后还将举行相关考试,合格者将获得俱乐部颁发的资格证书。 有意参加者请联系: Vickie   Tel: 61526356-611 Email:[email protected] 培训会讲解大纲: 第一部分 裁判的基本知识 1. 选手的生命安全放第一 2. 赛前选手装备检查(拳套、护齿等) 3. 宣布比赛开始 4. 比赛规则了然于胸 5. 掌握好回合时间(业余赛与专业赛) 6. 比赛及选手装备介绍 7. 犯规动作如:用头撞击,挖眼,用手指勾对手,拉头发等。 8. 等级划分制度 9. 击倒 10. 认输 11. 技术击倒及认输 12. 裁判判定技术击倒 13. 边裁判定比赛结束(使用掷白毛巾方式结束比赛) 14. 宣布胜负 15. 裁判有时需要强行拉开参赛者 练习 1. 裁判需要了解比赛并第一时间辨认出认输提示动作 2. 常规喉勒绞动作 3. 常规关节锁绞动作 4. 锁颈动作 5. 何时该叫停僵局,关键是要辨别比赛是否有进展。 6. 决定何时叫停,当选手一方占主导地位时不要叫停。 7. 裁判决定胜负 如何成为一名好裁判 1. 无偏见,无特殊关系。 2. 为比赛评分 3. 算总分 4. 评分标准:得分点包括有效打击、节奏控制和攻击性。 5. 主裁评分过程
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