沙皇宪兵 沙皇宪兵
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【二战英文资料】在二战后的美国占领期间,日本的情况是怎样的? The Occupation In 12 August 1945, After losing their home to the air raids in Southern Japan, My grandfather are visiting their relatives in Tokyo, where They are shocked to found out the city and their relatives now living in extreme hunger and poverty after the carpet bombing pretty much destroyed the capital city. Tokyo in 1945 was a hellhole, The city was comparable to the situation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in ruins, and the victims are comparable to Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombing, so bad that even its considered one of the most deadly air raids in history. Staying alive was a daunting job at that time, he said. There was no food, homes, and jobs. It took about 3 - 5 years before basic services, food production and industry got back to normal.Civilian areas in Tokyo, 1945 Three days later, When Emperor Hirohito announced Japan’s Surrender to the Allies, that prompted various reactions from the Japanese public. Many Japanese, including my Grandfather, simply listened to it, and burst into tears, knowing that Japan will finally be occupied by those “rampaging and cruel” Americans that will treat the Japanese like animals. They don’t know about the real situation of the war, They have been deceived by the Government into believing that the IJA and the IJN was scoring victory after victories. Then, the United States army came. The so-called brutal occupation that the Government propagates never came into be. My Family decided to stay with his relatives and help them. They were shocked by the US Army that actively gave rations to the Japanese People, and help them rebuild their old cities. However, the rations was never enough to feed the public and the public still suffers Malnutrition. Some people even make a living by a combination of Prostitution, Rations and Black markets. Cigarettes become a “Currency” and used them to trade Vegetables and food. My relatives even engages in those Black Markets in Akihabara. Akihabara and Ikebukuro, which now is a Weeb paradise, was a thriving black market back then. Stealing foods was also common, in order to survive.Black Markets in Ikebukuro, Post WW2 The United States makes sure this picture printed in every newspaper, to make the Japanese people believe, that The Emperor was not a divine being that we believed, its a checkmate for us.In 1946, My family begin to move on, rebuilding their relatives home and trying to revive our country. After some months, They get back to Fukuoka. Fukuoka, also suffered air raids by the Americans, and They are also busy rebuilding at this point. My Grandfather and some people, aided by the US marines, rebuild the lost buildings and my current house in Fukuoka was one of those. At this point, Industries are pretty much over in Japan, the Americans confiscated it. My Grandfather’s family, who worked for the weapon industry that shut down by the US Occupation forces was threatened with unemployment and economic instability. Communism ideas also becoming more and more spread in Japan, which led the United States to double their efforts. This placed Japan firmly within the confines of the U.S. defense perimeter in Asia. A New Life 25 June 1950, Kim Il-Sung’s North Korea invaded South Korea. The United States forces in Japan hop in to save South Korea. The Korean War was beneficial for Japan, spelling a new hope for the “doomed” population. New jobs were available at this point. As Japan is a base for the American forces, Weapon industry and Military industries are re-opened. my Grandfather eventually worked for those. Even, He worked with the U.S Army to serve as Houseboy and Assistant in the Korean War, receiving some cash in return. My relatives had also gone with some Mine-sweeping duties in the Korean Peninsula. In 1952, when He came home, Japan’s economy and social services are back in its feet, And life become so much better. Economic stability was achieved. My Grandfather then switched to Trade and Business, working in a Bank, married, and having children. Life then go on as usual.
【二战英文资料】二战时日本人都很残忍吗(外国论坛中的提问) Have you seen the movie “The Bridge on the River Kwai”? Well, it is incorrect in almost every detail. Firstly, the most senior allied officer was British, not an American, and he was no collaborator, and instead did everything possible to delay, sabotage and undermine the railway construction in Burma. Secondly, the Japanese officers were harsh, but nowhere near as the movie shows, or as shown in most other depictions. I know this because my great-uncle Eddie was there. He was a Jesuit Catholic priest who was a POW working on the Burmese railway. I won’t sugar-coat this - the Japanese officers were under tremendous pressure to complete the railway to supply the Japanese offensive, and were brutal with the prisoners. Beatings with bamboo canes were common, and the workers often worked at bayonet-point. The rations were grossly insufficient, and my great-uncle talked about finding maggots in his rice being a bonus because they were the only source of protein. My great-uncle also noted that the Japanese troops were also very poorly provisioned too. Their supply lines were constantly harassed - they were badly over-extended and feeding themselves was a constant challenge, this was a big part of the reason why the railway was so critical to the Japanese war effort. Throw into this the fact that the Japanese knew that the allied POWs were actively sabotaging the bridge every chance they got. They had a thousand tricks, from seeding the wooden supports with termites to mixing the concrete in the wrong ratios. Given that the Japanese troops were starving themselves it is hardly surprising that one day one of the Japanese officers got the bright idea of yanking out a random POW and threatening to chop off his head if they didn’t cut it out. … so my great-uncle Eddie stepped forward and volunteered to take the random POW’s place. The Japanese officer knew that Eddie was a priest, and refused to execute him - it would have been very bad form to execute a priest. And so the next day the officer tried the same thing, and my great-uncle stepped forward again. This time he was beaten for his repeated interference with the Japanese officer’s scheme, but the next day he stepped forward again. This went on for about a week. The Japanese officer would threaten to execute someone, my great-uncle would step forward, and he would be beaten. Eventually the Japanese office gave up on this tactic because it was just making him look impotent in front of his men. Again, it is necessary to bear in mind that everyone was malnourished, and the Japanese saw the POWs as actively stopping them getting the food they desperately needed. This story has a happy ending though. My great-uncle eventually escaped from the camp with a group of other POWs, but was separated from the group when he fell down a hole. He took a nasty tumble and some rocks collapsed on him, and he was separated from the rest of the POWs. He managed to dig himself out, and made his way to Allied lines (if I recall correctly he said that he was rescued by a French unit). His uniform was stripped off him and dumped in a bag and mailed back to his home address while he was in the hospital. When he finally got home months later he was in for a surprise. In the pockets of uniform he found some stones - greenish stones… it turns out that “hole” he fell into was a Burmese emerald mine, and the staff at the hospital had just cut his rotting uniform off him and dumped it into a bag without washing it or emptying the pockets. One of those emeralds is in my wife’s engagement ring.
【二战英文资料】假如让你装备一个轴心国步兵营,你会选择什么呢 Well, for a squad (10–15) Axis soldiers, this would be my picks. Sidearm: Walther P38If we are just going with sidearms created and mass-produced within the nations of the Axis Powers, I’d select the P38. 8-rounds of 9x19mm makes it more effective than it’s Japanese and Italian counterparts that were shooting the weaker 8mm Nambu and .380 ACP rounds, and was far more reliable to use under rough conditions than the P08 Luger, not being as finicky with ammo selection as the famous Luger. The GPMG gunner, AG, and Squad leader will have these. Submachine gun: Beretta MAB 38AFrankly the best SMG amongst the Axis Powers. More accurate than the MP40, the fixed stock allowed better accuracy at longer ranges, comes in a variety of magazine sizes (10, 20, 30, and 40 round magazines were available), was accurate out to 200 meters on short bursts, was dead reliable, and also shot 9x19mm rounds. Team leaders and the squad leader will have these. Rifle: Type 99 ArisakaUnfortunately the issue with the Axis Powers is throughout the war all semi-automatic/select-fire firearms all had issues with reliability (G41 got clogged from gas issues, G43 parts broke down frequently, StG-44 and earlier variants had difficulty sharing parts and magazines were usually downgraded to 25 rounds for reliability, and the Japanese Type 4/5 had such poor quality when they made some that the engineers were concerned they’d blow up after a few hundred rounds). So that leaves bolt-actions, which of the choices among the three powers the Type 99 was the best of the group. Dead reliable and sturdy, it’s 7.7x58mm round was very effective against opponents, its protected front sight and rear peep sight made it easier to shoot accurately, its dust cover protected the action from mud and debris, and the bayonet on the end made close combat physiologically terrifying for the enemy. Riflemen will have these. LMG: Type 99 Machine GunOf the light machine guns available to the Axis, this one was far and above the best of the bunch. Reliable, easy to use, and lightweight, this brought suppressing fire down to the squad level for Japanese squads. Also you could throw a bayonet on it for some extra psychological terrifying banzai charges. A pair of squad members with these would provide great flanking and supporting fire. GPMG: MG-42The Type 99’s and the rifles may be a good baseline, but in the end they all focus on supporting this bad boy. With a high rate of fire, easy to use, high reliability and the physiological impact this gun would have would make it deadly. The only change I would make would be rechambering from its original 7.92x57mm round to the 7.7x58mm round. An MG gunner and an AG to carry spare ammo would help bring down some severe firepower on any foe against them. Grenade: Model 24 SteilhandgranateBeing able to throw it further than regular pineapple grenades and having it go off reliably makes this one an easy win. Other equipment: PanzerfaustNeed a quick, portable, affordable way to knock out vehicles attempting to overrun your position? Carry three or four of these across the squad and you can let them know they wont have an easy job of it. Type 89 Knee MortarA deceptively simple yet effective close-range fire support weapon, the portable mortar (which you should not shoot off your knee!) was able to drop fragmentation and explosive grenades out to 670 meters, and as close as 120 meters, providing a way to indirectly fire on opponents without sticking your head out to get shot at. Uniforms I would lean towards either Fallschirmjager uniforms for temperate and winter fighting or IJN marine khaki’s for summer fighting.
【二战英文资料】在二战中美军是否曾只用50 cal HMG击毁日军坦克 During WWII, did the US ever destroy Japanese tanks using only 50 cal HMG? If you read about the Marine invasion of Peleliu in 1944 the Japanese launched a coordinated Armor and infantry attack on the consolidating bridgehead. I believe this was depicted, poorly, in the mini series "The Pacific." I have been to Peleliu. At the time the area of the air field across which the Japanese attack came, was denuded of vegetation by the airfield construction and pre landing bombardment. Two of the three books I have read on the invasion that described the armor attack from different perspectives were used as the basis for the mini series. It is interesting seeing the same events described by different first hand accounts. In the event, somewhere between 20 and 30 tanks and a company or more of infantry participated in the attack and were wiped out. The attack was over an area that covered at least two regimental fronts so it was difficult afterwards to determine exactly how many tanks participated. The result was the same in both areas. The Marines brought every weapon they had to bear on the tanks. .50 cal guns on LVTs, 37mms, Bazookas, 75 mm howitzers on LTVs and a few Shermans. Not many had been landed at the time of the attack. As you can see from the pictures below showing remnants of the attack the “tankettes” were not really tanks in the Western sense of the word. HMG .50 would have had not problem penetrating them. On Peleliu there are I believe still two Japanese Tank wrecks sitting where they were destroyed. The Amphibious tanks in the last pictures are on Koror and Babeldaup and were not in any fighting. The Japanese buried two such tanks as semi pillboxes at a road junction on Babeldaup Island. I hiked up to them and at the time they had been unearthed in preparation to moving them to their current locations at memorials /tourist traps on the island. Some are located at the old communications center/ hospital, take your pick which. It was used as a hospital in the move with Lee Marvin and Toshiro Mifune called Hell in the Pacific. When one visits such places you need to take into consideration that American bases were set up and the battlefield was policed as there were a lot of Tent cities erected. Some group of British or Australian academics got grant money to study the battlefield on Peleliu and map the location of relics and munitions. They made no mention of the fact of “battlefield” policing by the occupation forces. In the book With the Old Breed by Eugene Sledge, he mentions that the remnants of his company were lined up and had to walk across the battlefield they had only recently fought over and police it of weapons and munitions. On Peleliu apparently it was dumped in the more isolated areas of the jungle as noted by the density of such remnants on the study maps. Vehicles as well, were moved or disposed of. The one Japanese tank above was probably in an area not deemed important. The US expanded the existing runway complex and the remaining tanks were most likely bulldozed and used for fill in the port harbor build on the southern tip of the island. It was not there during the attack, another point overlooked in fact checking of not only many written works but also in video games.
【二战英文资料】在电影中,谢尔曼坦克周围绑的木头作用是什么 Oh, that was a common thing back then, and some tanks did effectively had logs with them. But why?ISU-122 heavy assault gun. You can clearly see the logs on each side of the vehicle. Well, that's pretty simple. You see, even though tanks do have tracks, which give them a better traction and better off-road capacity than wheeled vehicles, they aren't invincibles. They still can get stuck, whether it is in mud, snow, water, doesn't matter. By the way, during operation Barbarossa, shit often happened because of therasputitsa, which happened in Russia when snow melted after winter and made pretty much every road muddy as hell, which means it was somewhat impossible to drive on it for pretty much almost every motorised vehicle. So, if we come back to what we were saying. Tanks did sometimes got stuck, but as it isn't a car, you can't really try to push it. So, you had to create traction for tracks to get some grip on. Except you have a tank. So, the first solution was often, take the log(s) mounted on the tank.Not my drawing tho However, as logs were often there, on the tank, well they dried. And what does a dry stick when you apply pressure on it? It cracks. Which means that logs were often only a temporary solution, as tank crews often did not have the luxury to cut trees so to be able to get fresh, flexible logs. Then, you might ask, what was the solution? These bad boys.Meet the ARVs. ARV for Armored Recovery Vehicle. They were often tanks with removed turrets and special equipment, or now simply hulls from MBT with a shitlot of special equipment, and no longer conversions, but made directly at the factory. When the logs would fail, you would call these guys, and they would come in and get you out of your muddy situation with cranes, torque and everything at their disposition. It would generally rule the problem. However, sometime, logs were used as an improvised additionnal armour:But it did not replace real armour. So, they were mainly for getting you out of the place you were stuck in. Pretty simple, as I told.
【二战英文资料】苏联第62集团军士兵在斯大林格勒生存的概率如何 The chance that a soldier of the 62nd Army survived the entirety of the battle in frontline positions sounds extremely slim. Probably nil. For starters, the battle of Stalingrad started on the 23rd of August (when German Air Fleet 4 dropped a thousand tons of bomb killing 40,000 people in the city) and ended on the 2nd of February (when 91,000 Germans laid down their arms and surrendered). That’s a over-5-month period with the most ferocious fighting took place in the autumn months of September and October. In the months-long carnage, the Soviet defenders were bound to be dead, captured or wounded at some point and subsequently evacuated to the far bank of the Volga. To give you an idea of how bloody the fighting was, at the start of September the 62nd Army had around 30,000 troops; during the month, 100,000 troops were ferried across the Volga as reinforcement; yet at the end of the month, the Army had only around 50,000 men, the other 80,000 were casualties. In less than one week from September 13 to 19, the 13th Guards Rifle Division managed to recapture the Volga embankment, Mill 4, the railway station and Mamayev Kurgan but lost 90% of its 10,000 men. By the end of the battle, less than 300 of the original men were left. Similarly, in just 2 days October 14 and 15, the 37th Guards Rifle Division, defending the Stalingrad tractor factory, lost 5,000 of its 8,000 men. The divisional commander - General Viktor Zholudev who was buried alive for several hours when a German shell exploded - later broke down and cried uncontrollably when he recalled the destruction of his unit. The few men left from the 37th Guards were then transferred to Colonel Lyudnikov's 138th Rifle Division. Colonel Gurtiev's 308th Rifle Division was also massacred in mid October at the Barrikady gun factory. Its remaining soldiers also went into the 138th Rifle Division which held on to a tiny stretch of land on the Volga bank nicknamed “Lyudnikov's island”, 400 yard long and 150 yard wide. In November, only a few hundreds men from the 138th were capable of bearing arms. Bitter fighting at the Barrikady gun factory (you can see gun barrels lying all around)Even if somehow a soldier managed to evade death, capture and injury, he would still be withdrawn to the east bank of the Volga for rest and recuperation because, believe it or not, no army - not even the Red Army of 1942 - kept its soldiers at the front for 5 months straight. There was barely enough food or drink for soldiers in Stalingrad. And washing and changing clothes were out of the question, as a result, the men were infested with lice. When the fighting died down in late November and December, men were allowed to cross the river to take a break and be deloused. In Enemy at the gates, the author interviewed many Stalingrad survivors but none of them could claim to have fought non-stop during the entire battle. One was Commando Captain Ignacy Changar - an expert in guerilla, unconventional warfare. He arrived at Stalingrad to kill Germans, for no reason other than the sheer pleasure of it. Once in the city’s factory district, he dug a tunnel and filled it with 170 pounds of explosives to blow up at least 180 Germans. But later he was wounded by a German shell and evacuated. Then there was Lieutenant Hersh Gurewics who had been a partisan in Ukraine in 1941. In Stalingrad, he met and fell in love with a nurse, which helped him maintain his sanity amidst all the pitiless killing. But later his right leg had to be cut off almost at the hip due to a crash landing and his front line service ended. Luckier was Sergeant Alexei Petrov who was never captured or wounded during the battle of Stalingrad. One day he was relieved and sent to a rest camp where he luxuriated in hot baths for days and enjoyed the delousing process Soviet soldiers at a banya (steam bath). Look how happy they are!
【二战英文资料】你眼中最强的坦克破坏者是哪些武器? In my opinion, it would be… the Jagdpanther.Jagdpanther was built by Nazi Germany during World War II based on the chassis of the Panther tank. It was tank with an excellent armour and a powerful main gun which was the 8.8 cm Pak 43.Although not great in terms of barrel life and recoil and lacked a movable turret. Its tracked were slightly improved from the Panther but still experienced some of the Panther’s mechanical problems. A total of 415 Jagdpanthers were produced from January 1944. It was both deployed and served in western front and eastern front. 653 PzJ battalion claimed 52 Allied tank kills, 9 damaged enemy tanks, and 10 AT guns at their own losses of 18 Jagdpanthers and 3 Flakpanzer wirbelwinds.Honourable Mentions : M-18 HellcatThe M-18 Hellcat was a very quick and reliable vehicle with a main gun capable of penetrating most all tanks it came across at least from the side. A very good tank destroyer for an attacking role. SU-100SU-100 was a heavily armored tank destroyer. The 100-mm L/60 gun was one of the best of the war in terms of penetration, barrel life, and design. StuG IIIStuG III was a widely used and distributed German self-propelled gun which was often used in a tank destroyer role as the StuK 40 L/48 allowed for. However, although it had low profile, it lacked armor and traverse. Marder IIIThe Marder III’s variants were easy to produce, reliable and saw service on all fronts throughout the entire war. The later models were armed with the very potent 7.5-cm Pak 40/3 anti-tank gun, and built on the sturdy PzKpfw 38(t)chassis. If I made any mistakes, please inform me. Thank you for your time!
【二战英文资料】德国国防军为何更青睐栓动步枪而非半自动? Why did the Wehrmacht favor the bolt action rifle instead of a semi automatic rifle? The Wehrmacht, like every other country in World War 2 (with some exceptions) implemented and used a weapon doctrine that focused mainly on marksmanship and accuracy in the field. The German army discouraged “spray and pray” weapons that would promote bad habits in the field such as not aiming and firing inaccurate shots. This doctrine had been in use for many years and was used by many countries including the French, British, Italian and Japanese military. Of course this doctrine was usually altered to fit the countries need, but all placed a huge emphasis on accuracy. In WW1, the American Expeditionary Force was very well known for their marksmanship, due to the combination of importance placed on accuracy and the highly accurate Springfield rifle.A bolt action rifle is much more accurate than a semi automatic rifles and weapons. This is why the German army used bolt action instead of lever action or semi automatic rifles. The KAR98 was the German military’s choice for the standard issue rifle and was one of the best bolt action rifles of its time. But it wasn’t actually a rifle, it was a carbine. Due to the Treaty of Versailles, the German army couldn’t produce their own rifles, so the German War ministry just cut off a couple of inches off the barrel and made it a carbine, which wasn’t restricted by the treaty.Of course, the downside was that most of a company had a bolt action rifle and 2 Mg-42 or Mg-34 teams who provided supporting fire. So, if the machine gun crews were both knocked out the company had no automatic weapons to provide some sort of constant fire. The German High Command quickly realized this and created the MP-40 and MP-38 Sub machine gun. This work fine, but the company was mainly composed of bolt action rifles. With the introduction of the STG-44, the German army got even better fire support, but never fully abandoned the Kar98.With the Soviet army, most of a company was equipped with the PPSH-41 sub machine gun. The PPSH was basically a mini machine gun that could be carried by anyone over the age of 10. This meant that a Soviet company had around 100 men with the fire rate of a machine gun. The Soviets also had the SVT-40, which was a semi-automatic rifle that was highly accurate and was copied by the Germans in the form of the Gewehr 43.The German High Command gave priority to accuracy in the field and a bolt action rifle would fill that job excellently which is why the Germans used bolt action rifles.
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