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最好，最包含哲理的Hello,World /* * stdio.h * * Definitions of types and prototypes of functions for operations on * standard input and standard output streams. * * $Id: stdio.h,v 0fe8afb3a429 2019/10/26 09:33:12 keith $ * * Written by Colin Peters * Copyright (C) 1997-2005, 2007-2010, 2014-2019, MinGW.org Project. * * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice, this permission notice, and the following * disclaimer shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of * the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OF OR OTHER * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. * * NOTE: The file manipulation functions provided by Microsoft seem to * work with either slash (/) or backslash (\) as the directory separator; * (this is consistent with Microsoft's own documentation, on MSDN). * */ #ifndef _STDIO_H /* When including , some of the definitions and declarations * which are nominally provided in must be duplicated. Rather * than require duplicated maintenance effort, we provide for partial * inclusion of by ; only when not included in * this partial fashion... */ #ifndef __WCHAR_H_SOURCED__ /* ...which is exclusive to , do we assert the multiple * inclusion guard for itself. */ #define _STDIO_H #endif /* All the headers include this file. */ #include <_mingw.h> #ifndef RC_INVOKED /* POSIX stipulates that the following set of types, (as identified by * __need_TYPENAME macros), shall be defined consistently with ; * by defining the appropriate __need_TYPENAME macros, we may selectively * obtain the required definitions by inclusion of , WITHOUT * automatic exposure of any of its additional content. */ #define __need_NULL #define __need_size_t #define __need_wchar_t #define __need_wint_t #include #if _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L /* Similarly, for types defined in , (which are explicitly * dependent on the POSIX.1-2008 feature test)... */ # define __need_off_t # define __need_ssize_t #endif /* Although non-standard themselves, we also need either one or other * of the following pair of data types, from , because our * standard fpos_t is opaquely defined in terms of... */ #ifdef __MSVCRT__ /* ...an explicitly 64-bit file offset type, for MSVCRT.DLL users... */ # define __need___off64_t #else /* ...or a 32-bit equivalent, for pre-MSVCRT.DLL users. */ # define __need___off32_t #endif /* Note the use of the #include "..." form here, to ensure that we get * the correct header file, relative to the location of this */ #include "sys/types.h" #ifndef __VALIST /* Also similarly, for the va_list type, defined in "stdarg.h" */ # if defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 3 # define __need___va_list # include "stdarg.h" # define __VALIST __builtin_va_list # else # define __VALIST char * # endif #endif #endif/* ! RC_INVOKED */ #ifdef _STDIO_H /* Flags for the iobuf structure */ #define _IOREAD 1/* currently reading */ #define _IOWRT2/* currently writing */ #define _IORW 0x0080/* opened as "r+w" */ /* The three standard file pointers provided by the run time library. * NOTE: These will go to the bit-bucket silently in GUI applications! */ #define STDIN_FILENO0 #define STDOUT_FILENO1 #define STDERR_FILENO2 /* Returned by various functions on end of file condition or error. */ #define EOF (-1) #endif/* _STDIO_H */ /* The maximum length of a file name. It may be better to use the Windows' * GetVolumeInformation() function in preference to this constant, but hey, * this works! Note that also defines it, but we don't guard it, so * that the compiler has a chance to catch inconsistencies. * * FIXME: Right now, we define this unconditionally for both full * inclusion, and for partial inclusion on behalf of , (which needs * it for some non-ANSI structure declarations). The conditions under which * needs this require review, because defining it as a consequence * of including alone may violate strict ANSI conformity. */ #define FILENAME_MAX (260) #ifdef _STDIO_H /* The maximum number of files that may be open at once. I have set this to * a conservative number. The actual value may be higher. */ #define FOPEN_MAX (20) /* After creating this many names, tmpnam and tmpfile return NULL */ #define TMP_MAX 32767 /* Tmpnam, tmpfile and, sometimes, _tempnam try to create * temp files in the root directory of the current drive * (not in pwd, as suggested by some older MS doc's). * Redefining these macros does not effect the CRT functions. */ #define _P_tmpdir "\\" #ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__ #define P_tmpdir _P_tmpdir #endif #define _wP_tmpdir L"\\" /* The maximum size of name (including NUL) that will be put in the user * supplied buffer caName for tmpnam. * Inferred from the size of the static buffer returned by tmpnam * when passed a NULL argument. May actually be smaller. */ #define L_tmpnam (16) #define _IOFBF0x0000/* full buffered */ #define _IOLBF0x0040/* line buffered */ #define _IONBF0x0004/* not buffered */ #define _IOMYBUF0x0008/* stdio malloc()'d buffer */ #define _IOEOF0x0010/* EOF reached on read */ #define _IOERR0x0020/* I/O error from system */ #define _IOSTRG 0x0040/* Strange or no file descriptor */ #ifdef _POSIX_SOURCE # define _IOAPPEND0x0200 #endif /* The buffer size as used by setbuf such that it is equivalent to * (void) setvbuf(fileSetBuffer, caBuffer, _IOFBF, BUFSIZ). */ #define BUFSIZ 512 /* Constants for nOrigin indicating the position relative to which fseek * sets the file position. Defined unconditionally since ISO and POSIX * say they are defined here. */ #define SEEK_SET 0 #define SEEK_CUR 1 #define SEEK_END 2 #endif/* _STDIO_H */ #ifndef RC_INVOKED #if ! (defined _STDIO_H && defined _WCHAR_H) /* The structure underlying the FILE type; this should be defined when * including either or . If both header include guards * are now in place, then we must currently be including in its * own right, having already processed this block during a prior partial * inclusion by ; there is no need to process it a second time. * * Some believe that nobody in their right mind should make use of the * internals of this structure. Provided by Pedro A. Aranda Gutiirrez * . */ typedef struct _iobuf { char*_ptr; int _cnt; char*_base; int _flag; int _file; int _charbuf; int _bufsiz; char*_tmpfname; } FILE; #endif /* ! (_STDIO_H && _WCHAR_H) */ #ifdef _STDIO_H /* Content to be exposed only when including in its own right; * these will not be exposed when __WCHAR_H_SOURCE__ is defined, as will * be the case when is included indirectly, by * * * The standard file handles */ #ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED extern FILE (*_imp___iob)[];/* A pointer to an array of FILE */ #define _iob (*_imp___iob)/* An array of FILE */ #else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */ __MINGW_IMPORT FILE _iob[];/* An array of FILE imported from DLL. */ #endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */ #define stdin(&_iob[STDIN_FILENO]) #define stdout(&_iob[STDOUT_FILENO]) #define stderr(&_iob[STDERR_FILENO]) /* Need to close the current _STDIO_H specific block here... */ #endif /* ...because, we need this regardless of the inclusion mode... */ _BEGIN_C_DECLS #ifdef _STDIO_H /* ...then revert to _STDIO_H specific mode, to declare... * * * File Operations */ _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW FILE * fopen (const char *, const char *); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW FILE * freopen (const char *, const char *, FILE *); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int fflush (FILE *); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int fclose (FILE *); /* Note: Microsoft also declares remove & rename (but not their wide char * variants) in ; since duplicate prototypes are acceptable, provided * they are consistent, we simply declare them here anyway, while allowing * the compiler to check consistency as appropriate. */ _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int remove (const char *); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int rename (const char *, const char *); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW FILE * tmpfile (void); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW char * tmpnam (char *); #ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__ _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW char *_tempnam (const char *, const char *); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int _rmtmp (void); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int _unlink (const char *); #if __MSVCRT_VERSION__>=__MSVCR80_DLL /* The following pair of non-ANSI functions require a non-free version of * the Microsoft runtime; neither is provided by any MSVCRT.DLL variant. */ _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW void _lock_file(FILE *); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW void _unlock_file(FILE *); #endif #ifndef NO_OLDNAMES _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW char * tempnam (const char *, const char *); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int rmtmp (void); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int unlink (const char *); #endif #endif /* __STRICT_ANSI__ */ _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int setvbuf (FILE *, char *, int, size_t); _CRTIMP __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW void setbuf (FILE *, char *); /* Formatted Output * * MSVCRT implementations are not ANSI C99 conformant... * we offer conforming alternatives from libmingwex.a */ #undef __mingw_stdio_redirect__ #define __mingw_stdio_redirect__(F) __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __Wformat(F) #define __Wformat_mingw_printf(F,A) __attribute__((__format__(__mingw_printf__,F,A))) #if __GNUC__ >= 6 /* From GCC-6 onwards, we will provide customized -Wformat * handling, via our own mingw_printf format category... */ #define __Wformat(F)__Wformat_##F __mingw_##F #else/* __GNUC__ < 6 */ /* ...whereas, for earlier GCC, we preserve the status quo, * offering no -Wformat checking for those functions which * replace the MSVCRT.DLL versions... */ #define __Wformat(F)__mingw_##F /* ...while degrading to gnu_printf checking for snprintf() * and vsnprintf(), (which are ALWAYS MinGW.org variants). */ #define __mingw_printf____gnu_printf__ #endif /* The following convenience macros specify the appropriate * -Wformat checking for MSVCRT.DLL replacement functions... */ #define __Wformat_printf__Wformat_mingw_printf(1,2) #define __Wformat_fprintf__Wformat_mingw_printf(2,3) #define __Wformat_sprintf__Wformat_mingw_printf(2,3) #define __Wformat_vprintf__Wformat_mingw_printf(1,0) #define __Wformat_vfprintf__Wformat_mingw_printf(2,0) #define __Wformat_vsprintf__Wformat_mingw_printf(2,0) /* ...while this pair are specific to the two MinGW.org * only functions. */ #define __Wformat_snprintf__Wformat_mingw_printf(3,4) #define __Wformat_vsnprintf__Wformat_mingw_printf(3,0) extern int __mingw_stdio_redirect__(fprintf)(FILE*, const char*, ...); extern int __mingw_stdio_redirect__(printf)(const char*, ...); extern int __mingw_stdio_redirect__(sprintf)(char*, const char*, ...); extern int __mingw_stdio_redirect__(snprintf)(char*, size_t, const char*, ...); extern int __mingw_stdio_redirect__(vfprintf)(FILE*, const char*, __VALIST); extern int __mingw_stdio_redirect__(vprintf)(const char*, __VALIST); extern int __mingw_stdio_redirect__(vsprintf)(char*, const char*, __VALIST); extern int __mingw_stdio_redirect__(vsnprintf)(char*, size_t, const char*, __VALIST); /* When using these C99 conforming alternatives, we may wish to support * some of Microsoft's quirky formatting options, even when they violate * strict C99 conformance. */ #define _MSVC_PRINTF_QUIRKS0x0100U #define _QUERY_MSVC_PRINTF_QUIRKS~0U, 0U #define _DISABLE_MSVC_PRINTF_QUIRKS~_MSVC_PRINTF_QUIRKS, 0U