光华集团18 光华集团18
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系统级编程名词 SSD6名词解释 1.     alignment(对齐) Data alignment means putting the data at a memory offset equal to some multiple of the word size, which increases the system's performance due to the way the CPU handles memory. 2.     activation record(活动记录) A call stack is composed of stack frames (sometimes called activation records). These are machine dependent data structures containing subroutine state information. 是与机器相关的包含子程序状态信息的数据结构。 Includes:       space for the local variables of the routine,(局部变量空间) the return address back to the routine's caller, and(函数调用返回地址) the parameter values passed into the routine.(函数调用参数) 3.     buffer overflow(缓存溢出) In computer security and programming, a buffer overflow, or buffer overrun, is an anomaly where a program, while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffer's boundary and overwrites adjacent memory. 在写缓冲区时,超出边界并覆盖临近的缓冲区。 4.     static memory allocation(静态内存分配) Static memory allocation refers to the process of allocating memory at compile-time before the associated program is executed. 编译时分配。 5.     dynamic memory allocation(动态内存分配) dynamic memory allocation (also known as heap-based memory allocation) is the allocation of memory storage for use in a computer program during the runtime of that program. 运行时分配。 6.     garbage collection (垃圾回收) In computer science, garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management. It is a special case of resource management, in which the limited resource being managed is memory. The garbage collector, or just collector, attempts to reclaim garbage, or memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use by the program. 回收长时间未被使用的已分配内存。 7.     timer(计时器) 8.     walltime(挂钟时间) wall clock time or wall time is a measure of how much real time that elapses from start to end, including time that passes due to programmed (artificial) delays or waiting for resources to become available. In other words, it is the difference between the time at which a task finishes and the time at which the task started. 任务开始和任务结束的时间差。 9.     CPUtime CPU time (or CPU usage, process time) is the amount of time for which a central processing unit (CPU) was used for processing instructions of a computer program. CPU用语执行此程序指令的时间数。 10.     Profiling() In software engineering, program profiling, software profiling or simply profiling, a form of dynamic program analysis (as opposed to static code analysis), is the investigation of a program's behavior using information gathered as the program executes. The usual purpose of this analysis is to determine which sections of a program to optimize - to increase its overall speed, decrease its memory requirement or sometimes both.
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