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【口嗨】当我们在讨论滚阻和气压的时候,是不是忽略了什么? 写在前面:本文通篇充满了笔者的臆想、口嗨和主观臆断,语文物理化学知识仅有小学级别,请带着这个前提看下去 想动笔写这篇文很久了,苦于知识储备和笔力不够只在脑子里有个大概,最近在外网翻到一些很有意思的文章,补全了一下笔者的知识体系,感觉自己上也行,所以你们看见了这篇文 首先放结论: 1、Bicyclerollingresistance(Brr)和与其相似的滚筒测试滚阻网站得出的滚阻,可能与实际滚阻大相径庭 2、在某些路面(这个某些的范围相当大)上,低压/宽胎更快 3、稳定输出比更低滚阻要重要,或者换个说法,赛道/路段难度越高,越需要高抓地高防刺防割的胎来维持输出,即便它的滚阻更高(废话) 在一切的开始之前,我们首先要明确基本概念:crr,滚阻,一般我们讨论一条胎的滚阻,指的仅仅是外胎形变的能量损耗,当外胎承受负载时,它会发生变形,随着胎体与橡胶发生变形和扭转,会产生热量,这种热量就是滚动中产生的损耗。 一般来说,降低滚阻有两种方法,高气压和更好的胶料及胎体(更轻,回弹更快,减少编织层和橡胶摩擦损耗啥的)。 Brr及其类似网站长期使用滚筒测试数据作为一条胎的滚阻,他们是这样做的——外胎装在轮上,室内保持某一温度,装上负载(比如40kg)然后放在钢滚筒上,使滚筒保持某一速度,保持一段时间后,通过软件记录滚阻。在这类数据中,气压越高,滚阻越低,这也是我们长期坚信不疑的铁律。 长期以来,这种数据被大部分重视滚阻的人所采用(包括曾经的笔者),并作为选胎的重要依据之一,然而,这种数据是否真的能反应出实际骑行中外胎的表现? 我们都知道,摩擦会产生热量,而热量会使橡胶性能出现变化,外胎与滚筒的持续摩擦接触会导致持续升温,有没有可能会导致橡胶更具黏性?如果会,那么橡胶黏性增大会增强轮胎与滚筒的粘滞效应,需额外能量克服吸附力,从而推高测试滚阻。并且在实际骑行中,路面并不会像滚筒那么坚硬,越野路面会更松散,胎体和橡胶发生的形变更小,滚阻被滚筒夸大的程度和可能性进一步增大了。 并且所有这些滚筒都忽视了一个问题:路面的多变和复杂。 相信所有人都遇到过这种情况:过高的胎压遇上颠簸的路面,人、车和外胎都在疯狂地弹跳,并且想要维持速度需要更大的踩踏功率,但在平整的铺装路上,维持高速只需要很少的功率,这种由路面不平带来的功率损失,外网称为“阻抗”(Impedance),或者笔者认为可以这么描述它,同一条胎同一个气压,在不同路面会表现出不同的滚阻,这之间的差距,我们将其称之为“路面阻抗”。
【口嗨】当我们在讨论滚阻和气压的时候,是不是忽略了什么? 写在前面:本文通篇充满了笔者的臆想、口嗨和主观臆断,语文物理化学知识仅有小学级别,请带着这个前提看下去 想动笔写这篇文很久了,苦于知识储备和笔力不够只在脑子里有个大概,最近在外网翻到一些很有意思的文章,补全了一下笔者的知识体系,感觉自己上也行,所以你们看见了这篇文 首先放结论: 1、Bicyclerollingresistance(Brr)和与其相似的滚筒测试滚阻网站得出的滚阻,可能与实际滚阻大相径庭 2、在某些路面(这个某些的范围相当大)上,低压/宽胎更快 3、稳定输出比更低滚阻要重要,或者换个说法,赛道/路段难度越高,越需要高抓地高防刺防割的胎来维持输出,即便它的滚阻更高(废话) 在一切的开始之前,我们首先要明确基本概念:crr,滚阻,一般我们讨论一条胎的滚阻,指的仅仅是外胎形变的能量损耗,当外胎承受负载时,它会发生变形,随着胎体与橡胶发生变形和扭转,会产生热量,这种热量就是滚动中产生的损耗。 一般来说,降低滚阻有两种方法,高气压和更好的胶料及胎体(更轻,回弹更快,减少编织层和橡胶摩擦损耗啥的)。 Brr及其类似网站长期使用滚筒测试数据作为一条胎的滚阻,他们是这样做的——外胎装在轮上,室内保持某一温度,装上负载(比如40kg)然后放在钢滚筒上,使滚筒保持某一速度,保持一段时间后,通过软件记录滚阻。在这类数据中,气压越高,滚阻越低,这也是我们长期坚信不疑的铁律。 长期以来,这种数据被大部分重视滚阻的人所采用(包括曾经的笔者),并作为选胎的重要依据之一,然而,这种数据是否真的能反应出实际骑行中外胎的表现? 我们都知道,摩擦会产生热量,而热量会使橡胶性能出现变化,外胎与滚筒的持续摩擦接触会导致持续升温,有没有可能会导致橡胶更具黏性?如果会,那么橡胶黏性增大会增强轮胎与滚筒的粘滞效应,需额外能量克服吸附力,从而推高测试滚阻。并且在实际骑行中,路面并不会像滚筒那么坚硬,越野路面会更松散,胎体和橡胶发生的形变更小,滚阻被滚筒夸大的程度和可能性进一步增大了。 并且所有这些滚筒都忽视了一个问题:路面的多变和复杂。 相信所有人都遇到过这种情况:过高的胎压遇上颠簸的路面,人、车和外胎都在疯狂地弹跳,并且想要维持速度需要更大的踩踏功率,但在平整的铺装路上,维持高速只需要很少的功率,这种由路面不平带来的功率损失,外网称为“阻抗”(Impedance),或者笔者认为可以这么描述它,同一条胎同一个气压,在不同路面会表现出不同的滚阻,这之间的差距,我们将其称之为“路面阻抗”。
【翻译】(氵)闪电速降胎 T7 与 T9 谁更快? 翻上一篇的时候看到篇有意思的老文,顺便翻一下,这次用用dicksuck如侵联删 原文链接http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fw&urlrefer=159b24b889ff07c2fef57cca7902d9efww.vitalmtb.com/features/Which-Tire-is-Fastest-Vitals-Tire-Rolling-Test-Part-Two,3059 视频链接http://tieba.baidu.com/mo/q/checkurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fww&urlrefer=9e9118f37ba3e5fbef0e294b47743179w.youtube.com/watch?v=3QbzZKJ1Bck 在对山地车的骑乘性能进行定制或改造时,可选方案不胜枚举。而对骑行者而言,最简单且最具影响力的改动之一,便是更换轮胎。无论是改变胎侧结构、橡胶配方,还是仅仅调整花纹,都能显著改变车辆的操控感受。关于不同轮胎的主观反馈层出不穷,其中很大程度上取决于骑行者所处的环境以及他们的骑行方式。 为此,Vital 想要深入挖掘各类轮胎背后的硬指标:花纹对滚动速度究竟有多大影响?配方和胎体结构又会如何左右性能?按理说,更重的下坡赛(DH)胎侧轮胎,因质量更大,滚动时应该更慢、消耗更多能量,但实际影响究竟几何? 去年,Vital 做过一次滚动测试,得出了一些有趣结论。但我们知道,这其中还有太多故事未被揭示,于是这一次,我们设计了一个两阶段测试。第一阶段依旧在一条笔直的测试跑道上进行,不过改到了土地面。我们找了一段稍有坡度(但不过陡)的山坡,以便既能展示轮胎的加速性能,又能通过坡底平坦路段考察其保持速度的能力。第二阶段则更贴近真实骑行场景:使用同一台测试车,在一条可控的越野小道上测试,并更换测试者,让骑手在对轮胎构造一无所知的前提下,对三款花纹相同但胎体结构不同的轮胎进行盲测。 我们汇集了 Specialized 最新上市的多款新胎,投入测试。当然,这已然是一个相当“深不见底”的领域——市场上还有更极端的花纹与配方。但这次,Vital 关注的主要是主流的越野轮胎类型——那种大多数越野、耐力(Enduro)和下坡(Downhill)骑手在现实中真正会用到的橡胶。 测试方法 第一阶段(直线滚动测试) 我们在测试车上装配了同款测试胎。为保证一致性,全程使用内胎。测试者将车置于山坡固定起点,松开刹车,仅依靠重力滑行至终点。在坡道与平地衔接处设置分段计时点记录时间。 测试逻辑说明 本次测试需独立呈现单款轮胎性能。由于预期时间差异微弱,我们简化了测试流程。尽管Eliminator定位更偏向后胎,我们仍在前后轮同时安装该胎款,以精确量化其胎纹对滚速的影响。 第一部分: 在首轮测试中,胎纹与橡胶配方对滚速的影响近乎可忽略——Eliminator与Butcher轮胎即使用不同配方(T7/T9),下滑速度与耗时也完全一致。真正的分水岭出现在安装 T9 Grid Gravity版Butcher轮胎 时:在1/4英里直线冲刺中,这款重力胎耗时比其他胎款多逾4秒。测试者主观反馈推车至坡顶明显更费力,车辆滚速显著低于Grid Trail胎(即便同是T9配方)。此阶段测试最大限度排除干扰变量:无踩踏输入、无路线变化或走线选择差异,纯靠重力滑行。但真实山地骑行绝不仅是直线竞速,保持过弯速度才是关键。 第二部分: 我们邀请Vital MTB测试车手Logan Brown进行双盲测试。三条测试胎:Butcher Grid Gravity T9、Grid Trail T9、Grid Trail T7,在Eagle Bike Park的Stormin Mormon赛道各测一圈。该赛道含跳台、落差及需控速弯道,平路出口段可量化滚阻效率;因无岩石障碍及最优走线差异,是理想的滚速测试环境。Logan在固定齿比下坡且不知轮胎型号条件下骑行。结果出人意料:他主观认为最重的Gravity T9最快,实际圈速仅比最快圈慢2秒(全程不足1.6公里)。我们推测其"更快"的错觉源于过弯稳定性提升带来的速度持续性。Grid Trail T7与T9圈速仅差1秒,T9弯道抓地更优但滚阻感明显,T7更灵活却极限稳定性不足——Logan的盲测反馈与数据高度吻合。 结论: 轮胎选择需综合地形环境与个人风格,更取决于你钟情的骑行反馈。重型胎直线滚阻大但过弯制动少,轻量胎滚速快却在颠簸路面更躁动——最终抉择在于骑手对抓地力/滚阻/重量三角关系的权衡。何为最佳轮胎?最适合你的那一款。 When it comes to customizing or changing the ride qualities of your mountain bike, there is no shortage of options. One of the easiest and more impactful changes a rider can make to their bike is tires. Changing up the casing, compound, or simply the tread pattern can dramatically alter the way your bike handles. There is no shortage of subjective feedback out there and much of it hinges on where a rider lives and how they ride. Vital wanted to dig into the hard numbers behind various tires. How much does tread pattern impact rolling speed? What about compounds and tire construction? Instinctively, a heavier DH casing tire should roll slower and require more energy, due to its greater mass. How much impact does it really have though? Last year, Vital did a rolling test and found some interesting conclusions. We knew there was more to this story and we wanted to dig deeper. This time, we devised a two part test. Round one would sill take place on a straight test track, but this would be on dirt. We found a hill with a little bit of grade (but not too much) that would showcase a given tire’s acceleration as well as a runout that would display how well that tire carried its speed. Round two added a more real-world element. We used the same bike and utilized a controlled trail. We also swapped testers and had our rider perform a blind test with three tires of differing construction but identical tread patterns. With a slew of new tires on the market, we gathered up Specialized’s latest offerings and got to work. We know this is somewhat of a rabbit hole and there are even greater extremes in tread and compounds out there. Vital’s focus was on trail tires, the sort of rubber that most trail, enduro, and downhill riders will legitimately find themselves using in the real world. Methods For our straight line test, we mounted a matching set of rubber to our test bike. For the sake of consistency, we used inner tubes. Our tester positioned the bike at the same point on the hill, released the brakes and simply coasted down the hill to the finish line. We set up a point at the base of the hill where the trail flattened out to create time splits. The goal was to highlight that particular tire in each run. We knew times would be tight already, so we kept our test simple. Even though the Eliminator is billed more as a rear tire, we mounted it front and rear as to show what impacts that particular tread pattern had on the time. Part One We found that in round one of our test, tread pattern and rubber compound had negligible impact on rolling speed. Our Eliminator and Butcher tires each rolled down the hill at the same speed and times, even when using various compounds (T7 and T9). Not surprisingly, the real standout came when we installed a set of T9 Grid Gravity Butchers. With a time differential of over four seconds in our quarter-mile drag strip, the gravity tires were significantly slower than all the other tires in the test. Subjectively speaking, getting those tires to the top of the hill was took significantly more effort. The bike felt heavier and rolled much slower than with Grid Trail tires, even the T9 compound. Other than the feeling our tester had on the pedal up the hill, the straight line test was as objective as possible. No rider input or pedaling, no trail variations or line choices. Just simple rolling down the hill. This is where mountain biking gets a little more complex. We don’t ride in straight lines, do we? Line choice matters and carrying speed through corners is paramount. Part Two Now it was time for round two. We decided to pull in Logan Brown, a Vital MTB contributor and test rider. Logan’s bike skills are real but he isn’t the sort of rider that can tell a tire compound by the way the sun reflects off the rubber. He was an ideal tester for the classic “Pepsi Challenge.” We grabbed three tires from our test group, the Butcher Grid Gravity T9, Grid Trail T9 and Grid Trail T7. Logan was to ride each set of Butchers for one lap on Stormin Mormon at Eagle Bike Park. This trail features jumps, drops and plenty of corners where speed matters. Our test trail also has a flatter exit to further gauge rolling speed. Stormin Mormon does not have any rocks or optimal line choices which could cause inconsistencies in rider line choices and runs. The technicality comes from timing and speed. As a test loop that is focusing on rolling speed, it is pretty ideal. For each of his three laps, Logan did not know what set of tires he was on (Grid Trail T7, Grid Trail T9, and Grid Gravity T9). Logan was given the instruction of using only a single gear on the descent and to keep his efforts as consistant as possible. We would time each lap down the mountain and see how each tire stacked up. Because the loop is short and Logan is fit, fatigue would be rather minimal. After each lap, we gathered Logan’s subjective feedback to see what he thought. Not knowing if a tire was actually heavier or more sticky, he would have to rely on ride feel alone. As bike nerds, we were a bit surprised by Logan’s initial feedback. Then we considered what he was describing on trail and we could understand where he was coming from. Once we analyzed the times, we were genuinely surprised. Logan felt fastest on what should have been the slowest tire, the Butcher Grid Gravity T9. Stormin Mormon is not a steep trail and requires some pedaling. A heavy tire should be slower, right? In just under one mile, Logan was only two seconds slower than his fastest lap. To an average rider, this is negligible. Without hard GPS data to back us up, we believe the reason Logan felt fastest with the Gravity T9 was due to improved consistency on the trail. Logan was likely going through corners faster and holding a steady pace, even if that peak speed was slightly lower. Logan’s ride perceptions on the Grid Trail T7 and T9 tires mirrored the expected ride qualities. Only one second separated these tires, with only one more second separating the Grid Trail T9 from the Grid Gravity T9. With less of a rolling-over sensation in the corners, Logan felt the T9 was better when leaned over but thought it rolled slower overall. The T7 felt quick, but offered him less stability when laying the bike down. Again, Logan was testing these tires completely blind. What's the Bottom Line? What were the key takeaways here? Like so many things in mountain biking, what a rider chooses to run should be based on where you live and how you ride. Moreover, it should be based on what a rider likes to run. A burley tire is slower in a straight line but probably requires less braking for corners. A lighter tire will roll fast but get a little wild in the rough stuff. It is up to the rider to decide their own tradeoffs. What’s the best tire? The tire that works best for you.
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