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疫情期间,你也许想读一读这些和大瘟疫有关的书 隔离期间最适合一个人静静地看书。在这个从天而降的悠长假期里,你可能想读一读和大瘟疫有关的书。除了经典著作《十日谈》和《瘟疫年纪事》,近些年也有不少描写大瘟疫或以大瘟疫为背景的好书,一起来看看。Poster of the film Love in the Time of Cholera. Credit: Stone Village 【Fiction 小说类】 Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939) by Katherine Ann Porter is a short novel set during the influenza pandemic of 1918, which killed five times as many Americans as did World War I. Its main character, Miranda, is a young reporter who falls in love with a soldier; the book’s fever-dream style captures the experience of the disease. 凯瑟琳·安·波特1939年所著的《苍白的马,苍白的骑马人》是一部短篇小说,故事背景设定在1918年大流感期间,这场流感中死亡的美国人数量是第一次世界大战期间死亡人数的五倍。这篇小说的主角米兰达是一名年轻记者,她爱上了一名士兵。这本书梦呓般的文风就像是发高烧时写出来的,捕捉住了这种流感的体验。 The Andromeda Strain (1969) by Michael Crichton is a bestselling techno-thriller that begins when a military satellite crashes to earth and releases an extraterrestrial organism that kills almost everyone in a nearby small town. Then things get bad. 迈克尔·克莱顿1969年所著的《天外来菌》是一本科技惊悚畅销书。在这篇小说的开头,一颗军事卫星坠落到地球表面,排放出一种地外微生物,杀死了附近一个小镇里几乎所有的人。然后事情变得越来越糟糕。 Love in the Time of Cholera (1985) by Gabriel García Márquez is the great Colombian author’s beguiling tale of a 50-year courtship, in which lovesickness is as debilitating and stubborn as disease. 《霍乱时期的爱情》是伟大的哥伦比亚作家加布里埃尔·加西亚·马尔克斯1985年所著的作品。这本书讲述了一段持续了50年的令人陶醉的求爱故事。在这个故事中,相思病就和疾病一样顽固和令人虚弱。 The MaddAddam Trilogy by Margaret Atwood, which includes Oryx and Crake (2003), The Year of the Flood (2009) and MaddAddam (2013), is a masterwork of speculative fiction by the author of The Handmaid’s Tale. Set in a near future in which genetic engineering causes a plague that almost destroys humanity, it’s savagely satirical, thrilling and moving. 《使女的故事》作者玛格丽特·阿特伍德所著的推理小说杰作“疯狂的亚当三部曲”包括《末世男女》(2003年)、《洪荒年代》(2009年)和《疯狂的亚当》(2013年)。该系列故事背景设定在不远的未来,讲述的是基因工程学导致了一场瘟疫,这场瘟疫让人类几乎灭绝。小说具有残忍的讽刺力量,惊心动魄又感人。 The Road (2006) by Cormac McCarthy is a bleak, beautifully written, Pulitzer Prize-winning novel set after an unspecified extinction event has wiped out most of humanity. An unnamed man and boy travel on foot toward a southern sea, fending off cannibals and despair. 科马克·麦卡锡2006年所著的《路》是一部凄凉、文笔优美的小说,曾获得普利策奖。故事发生的背景是一场不明灭绝事件令大多数人类丧生。一位不具名男子和一个男孩为了逃避食人者和绝望,徒步踏上了前往南部海洋的旅途。 cannibal[ˈkænɪbl]: adj. 食同类的;吃人肉的 Nemesis (2010) by Philip Roth is the author’s 31st and last novel, a sorrowful story set in Newark, N.J., in 1944, as the United States is in the grip of the polio epidemic that killed and disabled thousands of children. 菲利普·罗斯2010年所著的《复仇女神》是这位作家第31部、也是最后一部小说。这个悲伤的故事的背景设定在1944年的美国新泽西州纽瓦克市,当时美国脊髓灰质炎疫情盛行,导致成千上万的儿童夭折和残疾。 Station Eleven (2014) by Emily St. John Mandel is a bestselling novel about a group of actors and musicians traveling through the Great Lakes region in future years after a mysterious pandemic called the Georgian flu has killed almost everyone. 艾米丽·圣约翰·曼德尔2014年所著的畅销小说《第十一站》讲述的是未来的一场名为格鲁吉亚流感的神秘大瘟疫几乎杀死了所有人后,一群演员和音乐家穿越五大湖区的故事。 【Nonfiction 非小说类纪实作品】 The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance (1995) by Laurie Garrett is a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter’s clear-eyed look at how rapidly the modern world has changed the nature of disease, how important preparedness is and how endangered we are without it. 获得普利策奖的记者劳里·加勒特1995年所著的《逼近的瘟疫》用清晰的头脑审视了现代世界是如何飞快地改变了疾病的本质,做好应对疾病的准备是多么重要,以及没有准备的人类将面临怎样的危险。 Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic (2013) by David Quammen is the great science writer’s fascinating look at zoonotic diseases, such as AIDS and Ebola (and now coronavirus), that jump from animal species to ours. 伟大的科学作家大卫·奎曼2013年所著的《致命接触:全球大型传染病探秘之旅》从一个有趣的角度观察了由动物传播给人类的动物源性疾病,比如艾滋病、埃博拉病毒(现在的新冠病毒也属此类)。
如何缓解疫情期间社交隔离产生的焦虑感?专家给出了这6个建议 海外新冠肺炎疫情日趋严重,各国纷纷实施居家隔离措施。在家待一两周也许不是问题,但如果在家待久了,不少人会表示“憋不住”,有些人甚至会因此产生孤独、焦虑情绪。隔离期间如何呵护我们的心理健康呢?来看纽约焦虑症中心的创始人和负责人、哈佛医学院的助理教授戴维·H·罗斯马林博士给你支招。Photo by Erik Mclean on Unsplash 1. REMEMBER THAT SOCIAL DISTANCING DOESN’T MEAN SOCIAL ISOLATION. 记住:社交隔离不意味着社交隔绝 Leading health experts from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have made it clear that minimizing the impact of coronavirus means lessening transmission by staying home. For people who thrive off social interaction, the practice can be troubling. But Rosmarin says a lack of physical proximity shouldn’t mean a lack of socializing. 疾病控制中心和世界卫生组织的权威健康专家已经明确表示,要将新冠病毒的影响最小化,就必须通过居家隔离来减少病毒传播。对于爱社交的人来说,这一措施令其烦恼。但是罗斯马林表示,无法近距离接触不意味着缺乏社交生活。 "Social distancing does not mean social isolation,” he says. “We can use electronic means to connect to each other.” “社交隔离不意味着社交隔绝,”他说道,“我们可以用电子手段来联系彼此。” Rosmarin says phoning friends and staying in touch can allow us to maintain our connections, though he cautions that social media doesn’t provide the same benefits. “Social media and news might make you feel connected, but it creates distance,” Dr. Rosmarin says. Instead, call or conference people you know personally, one-on-one. Playing online games or other virtual activities can also help you maintain feelings of remaining connected when avoiding in-person visits. 罗斯马林说,给朋友打电话、保持联系可以让我们维持社交生活,但他提醒说,社交媒体无法提供同样的益处。罗斯马林博士说:“社交媒体和新闻会让你感觉和世界有联系,但实际上它制造的是距离。”你应该给你认识的人打电话或进行一对一的讨论。打网游或进行其他虚拟活动也能有助于你在无法亲自拜访时保持这种联系的感觉。Photo by Shane on Unsplash 2. DON’T LET THE NEWS CYCLE DICTATE YOUR EMOTIONS. 不要让消息推送主宰你的情感 The coronavirus situation is dynamic and seems to change by the hour, resulting in a number of people feeling compelled to stay on top of updates by constantly checking their phones for new information. While that can be stressful at any time, it can affect your ability to relax if you surf news outlets just before going to sleep. “People need to be shutting off information an hour before they go to bed,” Dr. Rosmarin says. “It’s not a good time to be watching the news.” It’s very unlikely an update will be so urgent or pressing it would lose relevance by morning. Sleep is critical to a healthy immune system, and giving yourself an opportunity to unwind is important. 新冠肺炎疫情似乎每时每刻都在不断变化,导致许多人都觉得有必要不停查看手机以了解最新信息。这种做法不但会在平时给你带来压力,如果你在睡觉前刷新闻还会让你无法放松下来。“人们需要在睡前一小时屏蔽信息,”罗斯马林博士说,“这不是看新闻的好时机。”很少会有哪条推送紧急到隔天早上再看就会丧失时效性的。睡眠对于健康的免疫系统十分关键,让自己有机会放松是很重要的。 unwind[ˌʌnˈwaɪnd]: vi. 放松;解开;松开 Rosmarin also recommends avoiding scrolling during mealtimes for the same reason. In some cases, it may be best to avoid news or news outlets that make you feel particularly stressed. WHO recommends checking in on the news once or twice a day at specific times, and getting information from reliable sources to avoid rumors and misinformation. 罗斯马林还建议,出于同样的原因,你也应该避免在吃饭时刷新闻。在某些情况下,最好是避免看那些让人特别有压力的新闻或新闻媒体。世界卫生组织建议,每天在特定时间段查看一次或两次新闻,从可靠源头获取信息来避免接收到流言和不实信息。 3. DON’T ARGUE WITH PEOPLE WHO SEEM UNCONCERNED ABOUT THE CRISIS. 不要和不把疫情当回事的人争论 One major source of stress for people right now is the fact that they might face peer pressure from friends or family to attend gatherings when they aren’t comfortable being in groups—even small groups. Others may be upset people aren’t following guidelines to stay home. 现在人们压力的一大来源是他们可能面临来自亲友的压力去参加一些自己在疫情期间不愿参加的聚会——哪怕是小规模聚会。其他人则会为人们没有遵循居家隔离的指导方针而心烦。 Arguing about it isn’t productive. “This comes up a lot,” Dr. Rosmarin says. “In-laws may feel rejected, or a friend may want to come over. I would suggest a technique called ‘validation.’ You convey to a person that their feelings are reasonable. If someone wants to come over, you can say you’re sorry but that you’re practicing social distancing. You can say, ‘You might feel I’m rejecting you, but I’m not. I want to see you.’ As opposed to, ‘You’re crazy and you’re not paying attention.’ That conversation will always go south.” 为此而争论是徒劳的。“这种情况经常出现,”罗斯马林博士说:“姻亲们可能会有被排斥的感觉,也可能有朋友想过来做客。我建议大家采用一种叫作‘确认’的技巧。你向对方传达出他们的感觉是合理的信息。如果有人想来做客,你可以说你很抱歉,但你正在实行社交隔离。你可以说:‘你也许觉得我在排斥你,但我不是。我是想见你的。’而不是说:‘你疯了吗?你没注意到现在的形势吗?’这种对话只会起到反效果。”Photo by Brian Wangenheim on Unsplash 4. ASK FAMILY MEMBERS TO RESPECT YOUR BOUNDARIES. 请家人尊重你的界线 For many households, school cancellations and shifting to a work-from-home arrangement means couples and children are spending a lot more time together. People who previously had time and space now have neither. Boundaries need to be established. “People need to have a set-up for work,” Dr. Rosmarin says, whether that’s literal (a desk) or figurative (an armchair). Whatever that area is, other family members need to respect that when you’re there, you’re trying to be productive or recharging. “You need to have a certain area of the house where you can go without judgment, a place to either decompress or get things done.” 对许多家庭来说,停学和在家工作的安排意味着夫妻和孩子们有多得多的时间在一起。先前拥有自己的时间和空间的人现在这两者都没有了。你需要在家里划清界线。“人们需要确立工作区,”罗斯马林博士说,无论是真实的办公桌还是象征性的扶手椅。无论这个工作区是什么,在你试图高效地工作或充电时,其他家庭成员都要尊重你的工作区。“你需要拥有房子里的一片特定区域,在那里你可以不受指摘,放心地解压或做事。” If you feel a fight coming on, remember you’re in this together—sparring with someone you love and need isn’t going to solve much. 如果你觉得家庭战争一触即发,记得你们正在共度时艰——和你所爱并需要的人吵架解决不了什么问题。 5. DON’T IGNORE YOUR REGULAR ROUTINE. 不要忽略你的常规生活 Do laundry on Sundays? Keep doing it on Sunday. Not going to work? Get dressed anyway. Maintaining a semblance of a regular routine will go a long way toward helping you avoid feelings of disorganization and unpredictability. 习惯在星期天洗衣服?那就还在星期天洗。不用去上班?还是穿戴整齐吧。保持常规生活的面貌将极大地帮助你避免混乱无序和不可预测的感觉。 "Anxiety is just the beginning,” Rosmarin says. “Within a week or two, people are probably going to start feeling depressed, sad, and lethargic, especially since we are distancing from one another. That’s really where the benefits of scheduling come in.” “焦虑只是个开始,”罗斯马林说,“在一两周内,人们很可能会开始感觉抑郁、悲伤和无精打采,尤其在我们相互隔离以后。这时候日程规划的优点就开始真正显现出来。” lethargic[ləˈθɑːrdʒɪk]: adj. 无精打采的,懒洋洋的;昏睡的 Sticking to your normal sleep and wake times, your exercise routine, and other practices will maintain feelings of familiarity. It will also help you adjust when the world returns—as it inevitably will—to normalcy. 坚持你的正常作息时间、日常锻炼和其他行为习惯将保持你的熟悉感。它还能在世界重回正轨的时候——这一天终将到来——帮助你调整和回归正常状态。Photo by Sharon McCutcheon on Unsplash 6. DON’T HESITATE TO SEEK HELP IF YOU NEED IT. 如果你需要帮助,请不要犹豫寻求专业支持 For people already struggling with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or depression, fears over coronavirus can be especially disruptive. Always seek professional help if you feel overwhelmed. 对于那些已经备受焦虑、强迫症或抑郁症困扰的人,对新冠病毒的担忧尤其具有破坏性。如果你感觉承受不了,一定要去寻求专业的帮助。
每日新闻播报 为遏制新冠肺炎疫情蔓延,西班牙政府出台严格法律,规定除遛狗等8种情况可以外出少许时间。于是,市场上开始出现租狗信息,让你可以出门遛遛;甚至还有人,直接牵着玩具狗出门。Anoir Chafik/unsplash Offers of a dog have begun popping up on Spanish online marketplaces as the coronavirus quarantine measures enter their third day of effect. 随着新冠肺炎隔离措施进入第三天,西班牙网络市场开始出现租狗信息。 Adverts seen on MilAnuncios.com include a podenco in Valencia, charging €25 for a ‘walk’. 在MilAnuncios.com网站上,人们可以看到瓦伦西亚的一位客户出租加那利猎犬等信息,他的收费是“遛狗一次”25欧元(约合人民币192元)。 “Podenco for rent for walking or running during the quarantine to avoid getting fined,” the offer reads. 招租信息中写道:“出租加那利猎犬,在隔离期间遛狗走路或跑步,以避免被罚款。” It comes as a royal decree approved last Saturday night has severely restricted freedom of movement in Spain. 上周(3月14日)六晚,西班牙通过了一项皇家法令,严格限制居民外出。 Residents must stay indoors, only leaving home – one per car – for food, medicines, medical assistance, essential work, caring for loved ones or other justifiable activity. 居民必须待在室内,只能一车一人离家购买食品、药品、就医、去工作、照顾亲人或其他正当活动。 Workers require certification authorising the necessity of their travel. 上班族需要出示必须外出的证明。 The government has assured residents they may walk their pets, so long as they observe social distancing measures such as keeping 1m apart from other members of the public. 政府向居民明确指出,只要按照规定与他人保持社交距离,比如与其他人间隔1米,他们就可以带宠物出去散步。 于是,有狗的、没狗的人们都开始给自己创造机会出门散步。戳视频: MilAnuncios.com has said they will not permit the renting out of pets, allowing residents to ‘laugh off’ the coronavirus restrictions, according to La Vanguardia. 据《先锋报》报道,MilAnuncios.com网站表示,他们不会允许出租宠物,让居民绕开为遏制新冠肺炎疫情而采取的限制措施。 “From Milanuncios we are not allowing this type of service to be offered on our platform, so we are eliminating all the ads that appear in this regard.” “作为Milanuncios网站,我们不允许人们在我们的平台上提供这种类型的服务,所以我们正在删除所有这类广告。”
国务院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情联防联控机制近日印发《公众科学戴口罩指引》。3月18日,人们戴着口罩在北京奥林匹克森林公园跑步。(图片来源:中国日报网) Medical masks and surgical masks are sufficient for normal use, and wearing multiple masks does not provide more protection, according to the guideline. 指引指出,医用口罩或医用外科口罩可用于普通防护,佩戴多个口罩并不能增加防护效果。 指引对普通公众(general public)、特定场所人员(people at specific areas)、重点人员(key population groups)以及职业暴露人员(people with occupational exposure)进行分类,并对不同场景下戴口罩提出科学建议。 这些情况不建议戴口罩 普通公众在居家(stay at home)、户外(outdoors),无人员聚集(no crowds)、通风良好(well-ventilated)的情况下,建议不佩戴口罩。 这些情况佩戴一次性口罩 The public is advised to carry along masks when in crowded places such as offices, shopping malls, restaurants, workshops and public transport. People in high-risk areas should wear surgical masks all the time when entering such places, while those in medium-risk and low-risk areas need to wear medical masks when in contact with others at the distance of less than 1 meter. 普通公众处于如办公、购物、餐厅、车间、公共交通工具等人员密集场所时,在中、低风险地区,应随身备用口罩,在与其他人近距离接触(小于等于1米)时戴口罩。在高风险地区,戴一次性使用医用口罩。 Those who have cold symptoms such as coughing or sneezing, or who live with personnel in quarantine or that have recovered from the novel coronavirus and been discharged from the hospital, are suggested to wear disposable medical or surgical masks. 对于咳嗽或打喷嚏等感冒症状者,建议戴一次性使用医用口罩或医用外科口罩。对于与居家隔离、出院康复人员共同生活的人员,建议戴一次性使用医用口罩或医用外科口罩。 这些情况建议佩戴防护口罩 People working in places such as hospitals, train terminals, airports, prisons and nursing homes need to wear surgical masks or respirators of grade KN95/N95 or above. 医院、火车站、机场、监狱、养老院等人员密集场所工作人员,建议戴医用外科口罩或符合KN95/N95及以上级别的防护口罩。 The suspected cases, confirmed cases of novel coronavirus, asymptomatic cases and those who have close contact with confirmed cases are recommended to wear surgical masks or respirators with no breathing valve graded at KN95/N95 or above. Entry personnel need to wear such masks from the moment they enter the country to the end of their required quarantine. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似病例、确诊病例和无症状感染者;新型冠状病毒肺炎密切接触者;入境人员(从入境开始到隔离结束),戴医用外科口罩或无呼气阀符合KN95/N95及以上级别的防护口罩。 职业暴露人员根据工作内容及地点不同,佩戴医用外科口罩、医用防护口罩或送风过滤式呼吸防护器。
全球新闻英语播报 据美媒报道,美国总统特朗普在上周末的活动上接触过一名感染新冠病毒的巴西官员。白宫发言人对此表示,总统和副总统彭斯与感染者几乎没有互动,不需要接受病毒检测。A senior Brazilian official who attended weekend events with President Donald Trump in Florida has tested positive for the coronavirus. Trump does not plan to be tested or go into self-quarantine, the White House said. 巴西总统博索纳(Jair Bolsonaro)的新闻秘书法比奥·瓦金加滕(Fabio Wajngarten)12日新冠病毒检测结果为阳性。上周六(7日),他曾陪同博索纳与特朗普在佛罗里达州的海湖庄园(Mar-a-Lago resort)会面。 Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro’s communications director, Fábio Wajngarten, tested positive just days after traveling with Bolsonaro to a meeting with Trump and senior aides in Florida. 瓦金加滕曾与特朗普和彭斯站在一起合影。法比奥·瓦金加滕(右一)与特朗普和彭斯合影 还有视频显示,当特朗普和博索纳面对人群说话时,他就站在两人身后。白宫新闻秘书斯蒂芬妮·格里沙姆12日发表声明说,总统和副总统几乎没有与此人进行过互动,目前不需要接受检测。 White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham said in a statement Thursday that “exposures from the case are being assessed, which will dictate next steps.” 白宫新闻秘书斯蒂芬妮·格里沙姆12日发表声明说,“我们正在评估与此病例的接触情况,从而决定下一步行动。” “Both the President and Vice President had almost no interactions with the individual who tested positive and do not require being tested at this time,” Grisham said. 格里沙姆说:“总统和副总统与这名检测呈阳性的人员几乎没有什么互动,目前不需要接受检测。” 据美国政客新闻网(Politico)报道,特朗普12日表示,自己并不担心与这名巴西官员的接触。 "Let's put it this way: I'm not concerned," Trump told reporters at the White House. “这么说吧,我不担心,”特朗普在白宫对记者表示。 特朗普证实,他与这名人员在海湖庄园用餐时曾坐在一起。 “We did nothing very unusual. We sat next to each other for a period of time and had a great conversation. He's doing a terrific job in Brazil. We'll find out what happens.” “我们没有做特别的事。我们挨着坐了一段时间,并且交谈很愉快。他在巴西的工作非常出色,我们将关注事情进展。” 目前巴西总统正在接受新冠病毒的检测,等待结果公布。 当地时间13日,美国总统特朗普在白宫举行新冠肺炎疫情发布会,宣布进入“国家紧急状态”以应对新冠肺炎疫情。 最新消息,美东时间13日下午,美国总统特朗普在白宫玫瑰园的记者会上表示,他“很有可能”将接受新冠病毒检测,当被问及具体何时接受检测时,他回答称“非常快”。
你不知道的令人羡慕的职业 职业运动员、宇航员、时尚设计师、超模……这些都是世人心中的理想工作,光鲜体面又多金,这样的好工作谁不想要呢?可是,在名利双收的背后,却隐藏着不为人所知的艰辛和无奈。Model Bella Hadid presents a creation by designers Vivienne Westwood and Andreas Kronthaler as part of their Fall/Winter 2020/21 women's ready-to-wear collection show during Paris Fashion Week in Paris, France February 29, 2020. REUTERS/Piroschka van de Wouw Models may flaunt their luxury lifestyles, but the reality is lots of hard work, a highly demanding schedule, and not as much money as you might think. 模特们也许会晒出自己奢华的生活方式,但现实是大量的辛苦工作、高强度的日程安排,而且收入也没你想的那么高。 Models seem to be constantly jet-setting around the world, enjoying luxury vacations aboard yachts, and flaunting designers' best pieces. But they have to follow a demanding schedule and deal with constant pressure to stay in shape. 模特们似乎总是在世界各地飞来飞去,享受游轮上的豪华假期,穿着设计师制作的最好的衣服。然而,模特们必须遵循高强度的日程安排,还要一直面对保持完美身材的压力。 In an interview with Vogue, Bella Hadid confessed, "I would cry every single morning, I would cry during my lunch breaks, I would cry before I slept. I was very emotionally unstable for a while when I was working 14-hour days for four months straight as an 18-year-old. I think I just wanted to breathe a little bit." 在接受时尚杂志《Vogue》的采访时,贝拉·哈迪德坦承:“我每天早上都想哭,我午饭休息时间也想哭,我在睡觉前也想哭。我18岁时,连续四个月每天工作14个小时,有一段时间我的情绪非常不稳定。我想我只是需要喘口气。” Plus, they don't earn as much as you might think. In New York, models earn $48,130 on average a year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That's only a third of the average annual Manhattanite salary, Business Insider previously reported. 此外,模特们的收入也没有你想的那么高。根据劳工统计局的数据,纽约的模特平均一年能挣48130美元(约合人民币33.4万元)。根据商业内幕网先前的报道,这只是曼哈顿人平均年薪的三分之一。
全球新闻英语播报 >Arctic may see 'ice-free' summers 研究:北极将迎'无冰'夏季 A study suggests that the Arctic "may be essentially ice-free during summer within 15 years." 一项研究显示,北极"在15年内可能会在夏季基本无冰"。 The study used statistical models to predict the future amount of Arctic ice, which suggested that the Arctic could be ice-free in the summer during the decade of the 2030s – most likely in the year 2034. 该研究利用统计模型预测了北极冰层的未来数量,表明在21世纪30年代的十年里,极有可能是在2034年,北极可能会在夏季无冰。 Sea ice is frozen ocean water that melts each summer, then refreezes each winter. 海冰是冻结的海水,每年夏季融化,然后每年冬季重新冻结。 The amount of summer sea ice in the Arctic has been steadily shrinking over the past few decades because of global warming. 由于全球变暖,过去几十年来,北极夏季海冰的数量一直在稳步减少。 It reached its second-smallest level on record in 2019, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said. 美国国家海洋和大气管理局说,2019年北极夏季海冰水平仅次于历史最低记录。 What scientists refer to as the first "ice-free" Arctic summer year will occur when the Arctic has less than 1 million square kilometers of sea ice. 科学家所说的首个“无冰”北极夏季的年份将出现在北极海冰不足100万平方公里的时候。Passengers arrive at the airport of Shenzhen, Guangdong province. Chinese carriers have started resuming some of their domestic and international flights that were suspended due to the novel coronavirus outbreak.[Photo/Xinhua]
全球新闻英语播报 >Weinstein guilty of sex crimes 韦恩斯坦性侵罪名成立 Harvey Weinstein, the former movie mogul whose alleged sexual misconduct jump-started the #MeToo movement, was convicted of sexual assault by a New York jury on Monday but acquitted on the most serious charges that could have sent him to prison for the rest of his life. 24日,纽约一个陪审团宣布前电影大亨哈维·韦恩斯坦性侵罪成立,但本可使他终身监禁的最严重的几项指控不成立。#MeToo运动就是因韦恩斯坦性丑闻案而起。 Weinstein, 67, was convicted of sexually assaulting former production assistant Mimi Haleyi in 2006 and raping Jessica Mann, a onetime aspiring actress, in 2013. He faces up to 25 years in prison on the sexual assault conviction. 现年67岁的韦恩斯坦被告于2006年性侵前制片助理咪咪·哈莱伊,于2013年强奸曾立志成为演员的杰西卡·曼恩,此两项罪名成立。性侵罪名使他面临最高25年的监禁。 The jury acquitted Weinstein on two counts of predatory sexual assault, which carried a potential life sentence, and first-degree rape of Mann. 陪审团裁定韦恩斯坦两项严重掠夺性侵罪名和曼恩指控的一级强奸罪名不成立,前者若定罪可判终身监禁。 The trial began on Jan 6 and included the testimony of six women who said - under oath - that Weinstein had sexually assaulted them over the last three decades. 法院于1月6日开庭,六名女性为此案作证,她们指控韦恩斯坦在过去30年内曾对她们实施过性侵。Fans gather around a mural of late NBA great Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna Bryant during a public memorial for them and seven others killed in a helicopter crash, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, US, Feb 24, 2020. [Photo/Agencies] >Vanessa sues helicopter company 科比遗孀诉直升机公司 Kobe Bryant's wife, Vanessa Bryant, filed a lawsuit Monday against the company that owned the helicopter that crashed last month, claiming the lives of her husband, her 13-year-old daughter, and seven other victims. 科比·布莱恩特的遗孀瓦妮莎·布莱恩特24日对上个月失事直升机所属的公司提起诉讼,这场事故夺去了她丈夫科比、13岁女儿以及另外7人的生命。 According to US celebrity-gossip site TMZ, the lawsuit alleges the company, Island Express, was only allowed to fly under visual flight rules, and the conditions the day of the crash were not conducive for such flying. 根据美国名人八卦网站TMZ消息,起诉书称,Island Express公司只允许在目视航行规则下飞行,但事故当天的天气状况不宜进行此类飞行。 TMZ was the first news outlet to report the shocking news that Kobe died in the helicopter crash. TMZ是最先爆出科比死于直升机坠机事故的新闻媒体。 The lawsuit also claims the pilot failed to properly monitor and assess the weather prior to takeoff, failed to obtain proper weather data prior to the flight, failed to abort the flight when he knew of the cloudy conditions, failed to maintain control of the helicopter and failed to avoid "natural obstacles" in the flight path. 起诉书中还指出,飞行员在起飞前未能正确监测与评估天气情况,未能获得正确天气数据,在发现多云后未能中止飞行、未能保持对直升机的控制,未能避开飞行路线上的"天然障碍物"。 The lawsuit does not list an amount of damages sought, but Vanessa is asking for punitive damages, claiming the pilot and Island Express were reckless, and the damages could be millions, according to TMZ. 虽然这份起诉中没有提到具体的赔偿金额,但是瓦妮莎要求飞行员和Island Express公司为他们的鲁莽行为付出惩罚性赔偿,金额可达数百万。Workers catch a giant salamander which is still alive outside the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan city, Hubei province, Jan 27, 2020. [Photo by Yuan Zheng/chinadaily.com.cn] >Wildlife consumption ban 我国全面禁食野生动物 The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, which is widely believed to have originated in wild animals, has prompted China's top legislature to roll out a swift decision to comprehensively ban the eating of wildlife across the country. 由于新冠肺炎疫情暴发,我国立法机关迅速通过了一项关于全面禁食野生动物的决定。 A decision made by the National People's Congress Standing Committee on Monday has made it clear that all wildlife on the protection list of the existing Wild Animal Protection Law or other laws, and all terrestrial wildlife, including those artificially bred and farmed, are banned from consumption. 全国人大常委会24日表决通过的这项决定明确规定,凡野生动物保护法和其他有关法律禁止捕食的动物,以及所有陆生野生动物(包括人工繁育、人工饲养的陆生野生动物),均全面禁止食用。 The decision, with immediate effect, also calls for harsh penalties for the hunting, trading and transportation of wild animals on the protection list of existing laws. 根据决定,对于违反现行法律规定,猎捕、交易、运输野生动物的,将予以重罚。该决定自公布之日起施行。Bruce Aylward, International team lead for the WHO-China joint mission on COVID-19 coronavirus attends a news conference after his trip to China at the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Switzerland, Feb 25, 2020. [Photo/Agencies] >WHO: coronavirus not a pandemic 世卫:疫情未构成大流行 The novel coronavirus outbreak can still be beaten, the World Health Organization said on Monday, insisting it was premature to declare it a pandemic even though it had the potential to reach that level. 世界卫生组织24日表示,新冠肺炎疫情仍然可以被战胜,现在宣布它为全球性流行病还为时过早,尽管存在这种可能性。 "The key message that should give all countries hope, courage and confidence is that this virus can be contained," WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told a news conference in Geneva. 世卫组织总干事谭德塞在日内瓦举行的记者会上说:"应该给所有国家带来希望、勇气和信心的关键信息是'该(新冠)病毒可以被遏制"。 "Using the word 'pandemic' now does not fit the facts but may certainly cause fear," he said. "We must focus on containment while doing everything we can to prepare for a potential pandemic." "目前使用'全球性流行病'一词不符合事实,却一定会引起恐慌。我们现在应该集中精力控制疫情,尽一切努力为潜在的全球流行做好准备。" Tedros said a sudden increase of cases in Italy, Iran and South Korea were "deeply concerning" but for now authorities were not seeing an uncontained global spread of the virus or witnessing widespread serious cases or deaths. 谭德塞表示,意大利、伊朗和韩国的病例数陡增令人十分担忧,但目前并未看到这种病毒在全球范围内不受控制地传播,也未看到重症病例或死亡病例大规模出现。
每日新闻,那些原著改编的电影 >Computers cannot beat translators 翻译软件无法取代人工 Google admits that its free tool, Google Translate, used by about 500 million people, is not intended to replace human translators. 近日,谷歌承认谷歌翻译这个大约有5亿人使用的免费工具并不打算取代人工翻译。 "Using Google Translate can lead to some serious errors, especially when words have multiple meanings, which is often the case in fields such as law or engineering," says Samantha Langley, a former lawyer who is now a court-approved French-to-English legal translator based in Meribel, France. 在法国梅里贝尔工作的萨曼莎·兰利说:"使用谷歌翻译可能会导致一些严重的错误,尤其是当单词有多种含义时,法律或工程等领域常有这种情况"。她曾是一名律师,现在是法院认可的法语-英语法律翻译。 Tourists might accept a few misunderstandings because the technology is cheap and convenient. 游客可能会接受一些误译,因为这种技术廉价又便捷。 But when the stakes are higher, perhaps in business, law or medicine, these services often fall short. Foreign language skills are still in demand in the labour market. 但在商业、法律或医学等领域,当风险加大时,这些翻译服务往往达不到要求。目前,劳动力市场仍然需要外语技能。 In the UK about 15% of the jobs posted on recruitment website Reed ask for a foreign language. 在英国,招聘网站Reed上约15%的职位要求懂一门外语。 New research from the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages shows 75% of manufacturing companies need employees with diverse language skills. 美国外语教学委员会的最新研究显示,75%的制造企业需要懂得多种语言的员工。Medical workers support each other in the ICU of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, Central China's Hubei province, on Jan 24, 2020. [Photo by Xiong Qi / Xinhua] >Medical staff get higher pay 一线医务人员薪酬提高 Front-line medical workers in Hubei province, including those with medical assistance teams from other parts of the country, will have their salaries tripled during the epidemic control fight, and subsidies for them will be further boosted, according to a document released on Sunday by the top leading group on the novel coronavirus prevention and control. 22日,中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组印发通知,将湖北省(含援湖北医疗队)一线医务人员薪酬水平提高2倍,临时性工作补助标准进一步提高。 According to the document, front-line medical workers who have participated in epidemic prevention and control will be given preference in cases of getting promotions or applying for professional titles. 根据通知,对参加疫情防治的一线医务人员岗位晋升、职称评聘实施倾斜措施。 Streamlined procedures to facilitate compensation for work-related infections will be provided, the document added. 各地要简化对因履行工作职责感染新冠肺炎医务人员的理赔程序。 In addition, medical workers will take mandatory rest after long working hours, receive mental health consultation, and access free health checkups and paid vacations after the epidemic ends. 此外,医务人员长时间高负荷工作后将安排强制休息,接受心理健康指导,疫情结束后获免费健康体检和带薪休假时间。A teacher prepares a course on an online platform. [Photo provided to China Daily] >A call to end SCI worship 两部委发文破'SCI至上' The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology have called for a more comprehensive evaluation system for science researchers, and specifically require universities and colleges to cancel direct bonuses for those who publish essays in Scientific Citation Index (SCI) journals. 教育部和科技部呼吁建立更综合的科研工作评价体系,尤其要求高等院校不得以发表在科学引文索引(SCI)期刊上的论文作为奖励的直接依据。 Universities have paid too much attention to SCI and some have made having a high number of SCI papers their top priority, said a guideline issued by the two ministries. 根据两部门发布的一项指导意见,当前高校过度追求SCI相关指标,有些甚至把SCI论文数量当做首要目标。 For research in basic disciplines, evaluation should focus on the originality and scientific value of the research papers, not the number of SCI papers, the guideline said. 意见称,对于基础学科的研究,评价重点应是论文的创新水平和科学价值,而非SCI论文数量。 Application research and research in technological innovation should focus on the actual contribution of the research in real life, it said. Universities and education authorities should improve peer-review in talent evaluation, it said. 对于应用研究和技术创新方面的研究,评价重点应是研究在现实生活中的实际贡献。高校和教育部门应完善学术同行评价。 SCI-related indexes should not be used in school or discipline rankings, awarding professional titles, hiring teachers, evaluating a teacher's performance or resource allocation, the guideline said. 不得将SCI相关指标作为学校与专业排名、职称评定、人才招聘、绩效考核、资源配置的评价标签。 Universities should not list publishing SCI papers as a requirement for students to get degrees, it added. 高校不得把SCI论文作为学生毕业的限制性条件。Employees from a disinfection service company sanitize outside the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea, Feb 24, 2020. [Photo/Agencies] >S Korea raises alert to highest 韩疫情预警升至最高级 South Korea raised its four-tier virus alert to the highest "red" level on Sunday as the number of COVID-19 infection cases soared to 763 in recent days with the death toll rising to 7. 23日韩国将总共分为四级的病毒预警级别提升至最高的"红色"级别,原因是近日该国新冠肺炎感染病例数骤增至763人,死亡人数增至7人。 It marked the first time since the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in 2009 that the government issued the highest alert. 这是自2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情以来,韩国政府首次发布最高级别的预警。 Under the red alert, the government is allowed to take tighter quarantine measures such as a ban on group activities and an order to temporarily close schools. 发布红色预警后,政府可采取更加严格的隔离措施,例如禁止民众进行团体活动、下令临时关闭学校等。 The education ministry ordered all preschools, primary and secondary schools nationwide to delay the opening day of the first semester by one week to March 9. 教育部要求全国范围内所有幼儿园和中小学将第一学期的开学日期推迟一周,至3月9日。 It would consider further measures according to future situations. 政府将根据今后情况考虑采取进一步措施。 President Moon Jae-in said "a few days from now" would be a moment of great significance to combat the virus, ordering all government officials to take "unprecedented powerful" measures to contain the outbreak. 韩国总统文在寅称,未来几天将是对抗病毒的关键时期,要求所有政府官员采取空前有力的措施控制疫情。
全球新闻英语播报 英超曝高价选球童丑闻 Some English football clubs are charging as much as £700 for children to enjoy the experiencing of being a mascot for games, according to an investigative report on the Daily Telegraph. 《每日电讯报》的一项调查性报道显示,英国一些足球俱乐部向入场球童收取最高每人700英镑(约合人民币6322元)的费用。 West Ham, Nottingham Forest, Norwich and Aston Villa all advertise rates up to £500 and beyond for their biggest matches despite complaints from supporters. 西汉姆联、诺丁汉森林、诺维奇城和阿斯顿维拉等球队一直不顾球迷的反对,向每名球童收取每场高达500英镑(约合人民币4516元)的费用,重要比赛场次的收费更高。 Julian Knight, the new chairman of parliament's powerful Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee, is now pressuring elite clubs to slash charges to help deprived families. 英国议会文化、媒体和体育委员会新任主席朱利安·奈特正给精英俱乐部施压,令其削减收费以帮助贫困家庭。 Being a mascot, he said, is becoming "the preserve of the well off, completely against the working class roots of the game". 奈特表示,成为入场式球童正在变成富裕家庭的一项特权,这完全与足球运动的大众根基背道而驰。Photo by Karol D from Pexels >Honk more, wait more 印出奇招惩罚乱按喇叭 There is a truth universally acknowledged by drivers in India: Honk your horn loud enough and the traffic lights will surely change to green. 在印度,司机们普遍认为:只要你喇叭按得足够响,交通灯就一定会变成绿灯。 But, fed up of impatient drivers inflicting a deafening roar every time they are forced to stop, police in Mumbai have come up with a new system to punish those who cannot wait at traffic lights in silence. 但是,孟买警方受够了不耐烦的司机每次被迫停车时制造的震耳欲聋的喇叭声,因而打造了一个新系统来惩罚那些不能在红绿灯前安静等待的人。 Known as "the punishing signal", Mumbai police installed a rigged traffic light system to tackle the problem of "reckless honkers", which resets the red traffic signal every time the sound of car horns goes above 85 decibels. 孟买警方安装的这个新系统被称为"惩罚式信号灯",用以解决"不耐烦的鸣笛者"的问题。在新的信号灯系统下,每当汽车喇叭声超过85分贝时,红色交通信号灯就会被重置。 For particularly honk-happy drivers, it could mean a very long wait at the lights. 对于特别喜欢按喇叭的司机来说,这可能意味着在红绿灯前要等很长时间。 The idea, which was trialed in November and December, has already gained momentum and there is talk of rolling it out in other cities in India. 这个新系统在去年11月和12月进行了试行,收效良好,有传言称将在印度其他城市推广。Photo by Mimi Thian on Unsplash >Embracing authenticity at work 强装笑脸不利工作效率 A new study finds keeping one's behavior at the office authentic will result in greater productivity and a better relationship with co-workers. 一项新研究发现,在办公室里表里如一能提高工作效率,还能改善和同事之间的关系。 In other words, act how you feel, and don't fake it. 换言之,表露出内心感受,不要强装笑脸。 Over 2,500 working adults, from a variety of industries such as finance or engineering, took part in this research via surveys. 这项研究招募了2500多名在职员工参与调查,他们来自金融、工程等多个行业。 It's extremely common for the average workspace to preach an attitude of unrelenting positivity. 如今,大多数公司都宣扬一种没有人情味的积极的工作态度。 While this may be beneficial from the CEO's perspective, it just isn't realistic when applied to real people with real problems and daily tribulations. 也许从首席执行官的角度来看,这种积极性是有益的,但对于每天被现实问题和烦心事困扰的个人来说,这种要求太不现实了。 That's why, the research team have concluded, employees will actually feel better, work harder, and connect more with their peers if they don't hide their feelings with a fake smile. 因此,研究团队得出结论说,如果员工无需隐藏情绪和强装笑脸,他们的感觉会更好、工作会更努力,和同事的关系也会更紧密。[Photo/Sipa] >Push for online recruitment 我国推进网上就业服务 The Ministry of Education will promote online employment services and suspend campus job fairs for college graduates to avoid large gatherings of people during the ongoing novel coronavirus epidemic, a ministry official said on Wednesday. 教育部高校学生司司长王辉12日表示,为避免新冠肺炎疫情防控期间出现大规模人员聚集,教育部将推进网上就业服务,暂停举办高校毕业生招聘活动。 The ministry's employment platforms will share job information with those of provinces, universities and recruitment services and jointly offer online employment services, said Wang Hui, director of the ministry's Department of College Students Affairs. 教育部招聘平台将与省级就业平台、高校就业网和社会招聘网站共享岗位信息,共同提供网上就业服务。 About 8.74 million college students will graduate from ordinary colleges and universities around China this year, 400,000 more than last year. 2020年全国普通高校毕业生约874万,同比增加40万人。 Springtime recruitment is one of the most important opportunities for graduates seeking jobs. 春季招聘是毕业生应聘最重要的时机之一。 The ministry will strictly review employer and recruitment information posted online to ensure it is true, and promote online interviews, signing of contracts and employment procedures at universities across the country, Wang said. 王辉表示,教育部将对网上的用人单位和招聘信息进行严格审核,确保其真实有效;推动各地各高校开展网上面试、网上签约以及网上办理就业手续。
英语每日新闻播报 The National Basketball Association (NBA) All-Star Game MVP Award has been permanently named as the Kobe Bryant MVP Award, league Commissioner Adam Silver said on Saturday. 15日,美国职业篮球联赛(NBA)总裁亚当·肖华宣布,全明星MVP奖将被永久命名为"科比·布莱恩特MVP奖"。 Bryant, an 18-time All-Star who won a record-tying four All-Star Game MVP awards, his 13-year-old daughter Gianna and seven others were killed in a helicopter crash near Los Angeles on Jan 26. He was 41. 科比曾18次入选全明星赛,并且获得4次全明星MVP奖项,这一成绩与NBA史上最高纪录持平。1月26日,41岁的科比和他13岁的女儿吉安娜以及其他7人乘坐的直升机在洛杉矶市附近坠毁,机上人员全部遇难。 Bryant has accomplished a great deal in his 20-year career with the Lakers and there is no denying that he has made a significant impact in NBA history. 科比在湖人队的20年职业生涯中取得了巨大成就,在NBA历史上产生的重大影响毋庸置疑。 He entered the NBA directly out of high school in 1996 and led the Los Angeles Lakers to win five NBA championships. 1996年科比直接从高中进入NBA,他曾带领洛杉矶湖人队赢得5次NBA总冠军。 He officially retired after the season in 2016. 他于2016年赛季后正式退役。Britain's Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge, his wife Princess Catherine, the Duchess of Cambridge, Prince George and Princess Charlotte walk at the airfield in Hamburg Finkenwerder, Germany, July 21, 2017. [Photo/Agencies] >Kate has 'mom guilt' 英王妃凯特分享育儿经 Kate Middleton, the Duchess of Cambridge, conducted in the interview on a podcast all about motherhood, and it turns out the British royal can relate to moms all over the world. 剑桥公爵夫人凯特·米德尔顿近日接受了一个有关女性育儿的播客节目的采访,结果显示这位英国王室成员也与世界各地的妈妈有着相同的烦恼。 Speaking with host of the "Happy Mum Happy Baby" podcast, Giovanna Fletcher, Kate confessed that she, too, feels at fault when royal duties come in the way of raising her and Prince William's three children. 凯特在接受"快乐妈妈,快乐宝宝"节目主持人乔凡娜·弗莱彻的采访时坦承,当王室职责妨碍自己抚养与威廉王子的三个孩子时,会觉得自己有错。 When asked by Fletcher if she ever has "mom guilt," Kate responded: "Yes, absolutely! I think anyone who doesn't as a mother is actually lying." 当弗莱彻问及她是否有过"身为人母的内疚感"时,凯特回答说:"是的,绝对有!我认为任何说没有的母亲都是在撒谎。" The Duchess said: "[You're] always sort of questioning your own decisions and judgments and things like that, and I think that starts from the moment you have a baby." 凯特表示:"你总会质疑自己的决定、自己的判断,诸如此类的事情……我认为这始于你有了孩子的那一刻。" The mother of three said one piece of advice that's been helpful to her is realizing it's "not totally" a mother's responsibility to do it all. 凯特说,有条建议对她个人很有帮助,就是意识到并非母亲有责任要做所有一切的事情。 "We all have good days, bad days," she said. "Actually if you can dilute that with others who aren't on that particular day struggling, I think it makes such a difference." 她说,我们都有开心和不开心的时候,事实上如果你能和当下心有余力的人沟通,稀释这些情绪,我认为就会大有不同。Passengers wearing face masks arrive at the Beijing Railway Station in Beijing on Jan 30, 2020. [Photo by Zou Hong/China Daily] >Post-holiday trips down 82% 今年春运未现返程高峰 There will be no peak period during this year's 40-day Spring Festival travel rush, which will end on Tuesday, due to the ongoing novel coronavirus, the Ministry of Transport said. 在15日举行的一场国新办发布会上,交通运输部副部长刘小明表示,2020年春运将于18日结束,由于新冠病毒疫情持续,返程高峰不会出现。 Because of measures taken to curb the epidemic, passenger trips in the 40 days from Jan 10 to Tuesday are expected to be less than half the number in the 40-day travel rush last year, with the decrease especially sharp during the return leg that started on Jan 25, Vice-Minister of Transport Liu Xiaoming told a news conference held by the State Council Information Office on Saturday. 刘小明说,由于国家为防控疫情而采取的措施,预计今年1月10日至2月18日,即春运40天期间,旅客客流将较去年春运减少一半以上,客流剧减的情况出现在1月25日起的春运后半程。 Ministry statistics show that only 283 million trips had been made between Jan 25 and Friday, down 82.3% year-on-year, as a result of travel restrictions and quarantine aimed at containing the spread of the virus. 交通部数据显示,由于我国采取了旅行限制和隔离措施以控制病毒蔓延,从1月25日到2月14日,全国仅发送旅客2.83亿人次,较去年同期下降82.3%。Medical workers in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, Central China's Hubei province, Jan 24, 2020 [Photo/Xinhua] >Rate of severe cases down 新冠重症病人比例下降 The rate of severely ill patients infected with the novel coronavirus has dropped significantly across the country, according to figures released by the National Health Commission. 国家卫健委发布的数据显示,全国新冠肺炎重症病例占确诊病例的比例明显下降。 In Wuhan, the provincial capital of Hubei, the proportion of patients in serious condition decreased to 21.6% on Saturday from a high of 32.4% on Jan 28, commission spokesman Mi Feng said on Sunday. 国家卫健委新闻发言人米锋16日介绍,湖北省会武汉市重症占确诊病例的比例由1月28日的高点32.4%下降至2月15日的21.6%。 In other parts of Hubei, the proportion of severe cases decreased to 11.1% on Saturday from the peak of 18.4% on Jan 27, and the percentage of severe cases across the rest of the country declined to 7.2% on Saturday, he said. 湖北其他地市重症占确诊病例的比例由1月27日的最高点18.4%下降至2月15日的11.1%。2月15日全国其他省份重症占确诊病例的比例已下降至7.2%。 This was made possible by strengthened medical assistance, as well as centralized isolation and treatment, Mi said. "A substantial foundation has been laid to further increase the recovery rate and reduce the fatality rate," he added. 米锋还表示,重症病例比例下降与医疗支援力量的加强和集中隔离治疗有关,为进一步提高治愈率、降低病死率打下了坚实的基础。
学习英语到底难在哪里 我们英语学习的“难”,到底难在哪里? 学习英语,即使在信息发达的今天,也有不少同学感到十分为难。 如果要问,我们英语学习的难,具体难在哪里?可能不少人会说:“难在哪里?这不是明白的吗?语法难,听力难,写作难,还用问?”。 是的,的确如此,这些难点都是一直存在的,也是一致公认的。不过,如果我们换个角度,如果我们从语言的学习与语言的运用都是为了把意思表达清楚这一基本点出发,再来看看并试着分析一下我们学习英语的难,找找其原因,是否能给大家带来更多的一些启发和一些帮助呢? 如果我们能从语言是用来表达意思的这一角度出发,我们不妨先观察一下,为了把意思表达清楚,我们的母语(汉语)有什么特点呢? 首先,我们可能都会注意到,为了把意思表达清楚,语言的语序十分重要。大家都知道,汉语是SVO结构语言(SVO,S为Subject,意即主语,V即Verb,意即谓语,O为Object,意即宾语),即语法顺序为主语—谓语—宾语的结构。如果我们仅谈SVO这样的术语,或许比较抽象,难以说明。我们还是举个例子,如果我们说:“人咬狗”,或者,“狗咬人”这样的话,想必人人理解,歧义不会太大。如果有人说:“人狗咬”,或者“狗人咬”的话,可能有些人就要挠头了,不好明白了。因为搞不清楚这里的“人狗”狗人”具体是怎么一回事了,是名词?还是人狗咬到一块?还是表达不清?这就需要结合上下文来看了。所以,为了把意思表达清楚,语言的语序是十分重要的。 幸运的是,英语也是SVO结构,和我们的母语相似,这就给我们带来了一些理解上的便利。但是,我们的汉语还有一个特点,这就是在汉语中,我们常用简短的词语来表达复杂深奥含义,而英语则是用“从句”等复杂句子来表达复杂的意思。说到这里,大家或许不能立即明白,我们不妨稍作停顿,仔细回想一下为好。在我们的汉语中,有着大量的成语典故等表达方式的存在。这些成语典故不仅有着丰富的含义,而且有着历史背景。毫不夸张的说,每一个成语都可以写成一篇文章或者一本书。但是,这些简短的四字成语,用在谈话或文章中,大家都可以瞬间明白其含义,不需过多解释。而英语就没有这个特点,英语的复杂意思是用从句来表达的。从句一出,英语语感不好的同学就会立马崩溃,虽然同是SVO结构,但一旦加上从句,就有太多的V的存在,在这么多的V中,实在难以搞清哪个是大V?哪个是小V?哪个是主V?哪个是次V?找不准V的位置,意思也就无法准确理解了。 如果,我们说,英语学习的第一个难点是从句,相信会有人赞成的。至于是不是第一,可能会有些争议。为了简明起见,这里的所说的难点,只是随手提及,并无刻意安排,因此,也就不对其顺序过多讨论。从句之所以难,并非其本身有多大的难度,或者有多么复杂,而是我们母语中没有这样的表达方式。对初学者来说,有些不太习惯,也不太适应。 如果大家能理解并赞同上述观点,我们继续: 为了把意思表达清楚,我们汉语还有个特点,这就是字与字,词与词之间的意思要配合。汉语的语法,相对而言,是比较简单的。但是,我们汉语对词义的配合,则要求相当高,因为汉语是靠语序和词义的配合来表达准确意思的。 这样笼统一说,或许有些朋友或许理解不深,我们还是举个例子吧。大家知道,我们上学时,学写作文,语文老师总是强调“立意”,这个“立意”虽有多方面含义,其实也包含着意思配合的内涵。譬如,汉朝开国皇帝汉高祖刘邦曾写过一首诗叫《大风歌》(有人考证说,该诗歌可能不是刘邦所作,但至少可以说是因其才流传百世的)。诗词内容如下:“大风起兮云飞扬,威加海内兮归故乡,安得猛士兮守四方?”。这气度,绝对是皇帝手笔。由于我们现在讨论的是语意的配合,赞叹暂且放下,言归正传。 现在,如果允许,我们把这首诗的略作改动,看看意思配合改变后会产生什么效果。譬如:这首诗的头一句:“大风起兮云飞扬”,如果我们说:大风起兮尘飞扬,估计语文老师还能接受。我们接着来,如果我们说:大风起兮砖飞扬,估计老师的脸色就会不好看了,心里可能开始有气。如果我们说:大风起兮屁飞扬,估计老师应该拍桌子,考虑叫家长了。然而,在这几个变动的句子中,没有一个是不合语法的,换句话说,语法是没问题的,有问题的只是意思不配合而已。因此,我们说,为了把意思表达清楚,汉语对词语词义之间的配合是有相当高的要求的。
中国孩子为什么学习英语难 方法不对,努力白费! 大多数中国孩子的英语学习方法从小到大都是错的——死背单词、死记语法……这些笨方法不仅无趣,还会严重破坏语感,孩子将来会越学越吃力。 具体分析,有6种错误的英语学习方法! 听力材料与能力不匹配 听力一向是孩子们的弱项,中国孩子的总听力时长一般为100-500小时。但老师和父母总是为孩子们准备难度过高的材料,孩子听不懂却要硬听,一旦听懂了,就认为永远不用再听了。听力材料与能力不匹配,让听力本来就弱的孩子更加害怕了。 所学内容脱离环境 我们学习英语时,总是会忽略很多生活化的内容。有些孩子连拖鞋、鞋架这些生活用品还不会讲,却一味地去学习“火星、月亮的构成”这种高阶内容。所学内容距离生活太远,孩子当然没兴趣。 不敢张口说 英语作为一门语言,最重要的作用就是说,但是有很多孩子都不敢说,一旦自己张口讲了一个错词,就觉得自己口语差。大部分家长和孩子改进的方法,不是多说,而是去报个口语班,企图通过一周一两次课,来提高孩子的口语。 缺乏兴趣 兴趣是学习最大的动力,但很多孩子学习英语时都不会从自己喜欢的部分入手,甚至很多孩子没有喜欢的英语故事、电视、课外书。 读写早于听说 这也是学习英语的误区之一,很多孩子觉得听说难于读写,所以往往先练读写,再去练听说,这就本末倒置了。想想学母语的婴儿,是不是都是先学会了听和说,然后学的读和写? 只背单词语法 若说到学英语最让人痛恨的地方,那肯定就是背单词语法了,即使现在想想也还是害怕。但传统学习方法是“只背单词语法,不读课文和句子”,这就导致即使费了很大功夫记住了单词,却还是不会应用,遇到写作题时,还是一脸茫然
学习英语的要点 初学英语需要注意什么? 刚开始学习英语的时候,我们首先要认识很多英语单词。我们在学校学习英语单词的时候发现,英语单词不止有一个意思,老师通常会叫我们记住所有的意思。但是作为初学者,学习英语单词的时候,应该要先掌握最常用的意思,不应该花大量的时间去记大量的意思。单词多以,只有我们学习英语达到中级或者高级的时候,才需要这样做。学习英语 单词,最有效的办法就是大量阅读,但是对于初学者,不能选择太难的,因为句子结构复杂的时候,容易打击我们的自信心,容易放弃学习英语。 如何学习英语 学习英语要遵循一定的语言原则,这样学习才有效。我们学习语言一般是先输入在输出的原则。所以我们学习英语的时候,每天都要确保读英语和利用电脑、手机等等听各种英语素材。要精听和精读,阅读的时候要分析语法,通过这样子训练,我们能够掌握大量的英语语法,而英语语法的掌握,对于我们理解复杂句子的帮助是很大的,从而可以让我们对英语的阅读反应快。精听要注意我们听到的句子的发音、语调、断句以及听懂文章意思,反复听。我们不是一开始就进行说和写,而是有一定的输入之后,这样的情况下练习说和写的效果是最好的。如果我们一开始就学习写和说,就和巧妇难为无米之炊一样,效果不好。 个人觉得还是选个教育机构比较较好,我推荐大连朗阁雅思,专业的团队,专业的教学能让你更快速地学好英语,省时高效。大连朗阁期待你的到来。
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