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一些简单的化学用词,概念 都是些基础类的东西...没事做...发发看..Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, and its changes or transformations.Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.State of matter: solid, liquid, or gas.Physical property : One is the state of matter at room temperature. Other physical properties include colour, odour, lustre, solubility, and melting and boiling points.Chemical property : determine the changes or transformations that substances may undergo.Pure substance is one in which all the particles that make up the substance are the same.Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.Compounds are pure substances that contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion.A physical property is a characteristic of a substance.A change (such as dissolving or melting) in the size or form of a substance, which does not change the chemical properties of the substance, is called a physical change.A chemical property is a characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance changes to a new substance. The change itself is called a chemical change.The starting materials in such a change are called reactants, and the new materials produced are called products.Chemists can use chemical tests, or distinctive chemical reactions, to identify unknown gases or other substances.Active ingredients, chemical symbol, dioxide, carbonate, monoxide, chloride, homogeneous mixturesMatter contains pure substances and mixtures.Pure substances contain compounds and elements.Mixtures contain solutions and heterogeneous mixtures.Acid: a substance that tastes sour, turns blue litmus paper red, reacts with some metals to produce hydrogen gas, is a good conductor of electrify in solution, and reacts with a base to produce a salt and water.Acidic oxide: a nonmetal oxide that reacts in water to form an acid.Antacid: a mild base that can neutralize acid.Antioxidant: a substance that acts as a preservative by slowing down the rate of oxidation of molecules in food, particularly fats.Base : a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, turns red litmus paper blue, is a good conductor of electricity in solution, and reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water.Basic oxide: a metal oxide that reacts in water to form a base.Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.Chemical equation: a written representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas for reactants and products.Combination reaction: the combination of smaller atoms and/or molecules into larger molecules; also called a synthesis reaction.Combining capacity: the number of electrons an atom can gain, lose, or share to form an ionic compound (or a stable molecule).Combustion: the chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts very quickly with oxygen to release energy.Decomposition reaction: a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken sown into elements or smaller compounds.
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