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关于汗鲨的一篇文章。Pangasius sanitwongsei 长丝𩷶 英文原文,可略过不看。 原文链接: Catfish of the Month Article @Shane Linder, uploaded February 01, 1999. Another month and another guest catfish of the month. Shane Linder is taking some time off from organizing our Shane's World section to introduce this magnificent catfish. Shane takes a different tack with this fish, which is a true giant of Asian waterways, and explains why it isn't one for the home aquarium. All Pangasiids are large catfishes with most species attaining at least 50cm or more which does not lend them to aquarium maintenance. Many are also schooling and thus need to be kept in groups which further precludes their captive care. A recent arrival on the aquarium scene is Pangasius sanitwongsei, the Paroon. This species is distinguished from other members of their genus by the first few tips of the anal-fin rays which are black, particularly in juveniles P. sanitwongsei was originally described by Smith in 1931, the type locality being Koh Yai, Central Thailand (Siam), also described (in the same publication) at this time was Pangasius beani, type locality being the Lopburi River. 60 years later, Roberts (1991) declared the type for P. beani to actually be a juvenile P. sanitwongsei. Also of interest is that Roberts (1991) was unable to locate the holotype which was listed as stored at the "Siamese Dept. of Fisheries". The holotype could not be found at the Department. This is a food fish and is commonly taken with seines, gill-nets, or hook and line then marketed fresh. Prior to 1997 this fish was rare in the aquarium trade. Those that made it into the trade were usually by-catch of South East Asian shipments. This fish is now farmed in ponds for food and those specimens appearing in the aquarium trade come from fish spawned for aquaculture. The fish's flesh is considered inferior to that of other Pangasiids. This based in part on the feeding habits of the fish. It is reputed to have a fondness for dogs whose floating carcasses are common in the rivers during the wet season. The fish spawns just before the rainy season and the young of the year reach a length of about 10 cm by mid-June. According to an old fisherman (Smith, 1945), the fish does not enter the swamp during the annual inundation, but is instead found in the large rivers near the outlets of the swamp. 250cm is the largest fish measured, however, according to Smith many people could remember having caught specimens as large as 300 cm. A 3 meter long fish would be a meter thick! P. sanitwongsei of this size have not been seen since the early 1920's. The fish stays in the deepest parts of the largest rivers and thus is rarely caught in the wet season. Warning! Due to the fish's formidable pectoral spines, it is always handled with great care by fishermen. In 1925 a 2.5 meter fish was caught in a cast net above Raheng, Thailand. When the fisherman dived to clear the net the fish inflicted a deep stab wound in the man's side. The man died from the wound. This is most certainly not a fish for any size tank. Not even the largest public aquaria could house these giant, migratory cats. All of the Paroons imported for the aquarium trade will die premature deaths. So spread the word to hobbyists and unknowing retailers alike that this fish should never be ordered or purchased as its maintenance requirements are beyond the dedication of any aquarist. If no one bought them, they would quickly become increasingly infrequently offered for sale. 这是一篇介绍成吉思汗鲨的文章 原文大意:“作为亚洲最大的淡水鱼,汗鲨为什么不适合水族饲养(无论个人还是水族场馆) 亚洲很多大型鲶鱼,体长都在50cm以上,这种情况给水族馆饲养带来了难度,最近经常在水族馆出现的其中一种鱼就是本文的主角:Pangasius sanitwongsei 成吉思汗鲨(汗鲨,中文名:长丝𩷶)和其他近亲鲶鱼的区别主要是臀鳍部分是黑色的,尤其是没有成年的时候。 在当地这是一种食用鱼(补充:他们的近亲也都是,最著名的是巴沙鱼),在1997年之前,很少会出现在水族馆,一般都是作为东南亚的渔获贸易进口而来,水族馆出现的鱼也都是这样引进的。但这种鱼并不好吃,原因传说是因为他们经常吃漂浮在和里的狗的尸体。(所以也叫食狗鲶鱼) 产卵时间是雨季到6月结束。幼鱼1年可以长到10厘米左右,他们生活在大河道里,捕获测量的数据记录是250厘米,很多人记得捕获过3米长的,其厚度就达到了1米!20实际20年代至今都没有见过这么大的鲶鱼,他们生活在河底最深处,所以很少被抓到。它们拥有强大的胸骨(可能是鱼鳍吧)渔民需要非常小心他们,1925年泰国就有一位渔民在河底清理渔网时被它刺伤最终不治身亡。 汗鲨(咱中国就用这个名字说吧),绝对不适合在任何鱼缸中饲养(深有体会)。即使是最大的水族馆也无法容纳这种需要迁徙的鲶鱼(洄游鱼) 人工饲养会导致他们寿命缩短(主要还是对饲养环境要求太高太大了)。应该向爱好者及水族场馆宣传,不要购买汗鲨(水族馆阻止不了,但个人确实不适合养)因为它的饲养,已经超出了任何水产养殖者的责任(能力?)范围。”
汗鲨选购及饲养注意事项,修正版 一、选缸:至少是长度120cm以上,厚度40cm以上,高度尽可能的高,尤其是准备混养的,这样的缸,您能养的久一点; 切记要裸缸,不能布景会受伤;首选底滤缸,上过滤很容易被汗鲨撞坏,鱼也会受伤。 二、养水:自来水就可以,晾晒至少5天,同时缸里放10几条闯缸小草金,要买最小最小算上尾巴也只有2-3厘米长的,单买一条价格应该在0.5元以内 养水时,记得要开过滤,滤材都要提前准备好,水升温到28℃,目的是培养硝化菌; 一定不要不要不要放盐,汗鲨无鳞淡水鱼,水中含盐会吸走鱼体内细胞水分导致死亡;(渗透压知识可自行百度) 不要下药,鱼药多为杀菌,不利硝化菌生长; 如果养水期间有闯缸小鱼死了,务必及时及时及时捞出尸体,直到草金状态没问题了,水就合格了; 三、选鲨:北京参考价15cm 20-25元/条 (劳伦迪约50元,不要被骗) 1.鱼背颜色,越深越好越黑越好; 2.眼睛,只要黑色,发灰发白都不能要; 3.鱼鳍,鱼尾,尽可能完好且不分叉; 4.看鱼头,强壮的汗鲨鱼头的皮肤是平顺顺滑的,看起来很饱满,尽可能选这种的。 那种能看出头骨的,皮包骨头的,千万不要选,不是病鱼,就是虚弱的很久卖不出去的库存鱼;说明这鱼已经很久不进食了,即便游速快(可能是吓的),到家也未必能适应环境,不是首选; 5. 数量:不要贪多,汗鲨从20cm长到40cm只需要1年;上面那个尺寸的缸,最多养2条 四、过水和喂食 1. 鱼到家后一定一定要过水,到家后把鱼和袋子一起放在缸里过水,至少半个小时,然后再打开袋子放鱼出来; 2. 一般鱼市刚买回来的汗鲨都是至少饿了好几天,如果缸内环境很快适应,会在下缸没多久就立刻吃掉缸内的闯缸鱼; 3. 如果没有吃也不要着急,等几天适应了自然就吃了;在吃闯缸鱼之前,不要喂任何食物。除非你的闯缸鱼买大了或者汗鲨买小了。 4. 不推荐漂浮饲料和上色饲料(如:虾干和鹦鹉鱼饲料),尤其是底滤缸,会直接从溢流口抽到底滤盒,污染水质; 5. 下沉饲料,要先泡水,泡大后再入缸,防止吃多后在鱼体内膨胀造成不可挽回的内伤(很多吧友都是开开心心发了一张吃的和球一样的汗鲨照片,然后就没有然后了再也不来贴吧了……) 6. 喂食原则,少食多餐,吃多了容易受伤,消化不好,还会吐!!(见过汗鲨呕吐吗?yue~)这个汗鲨吐了真是比死鱼还闹心~所以,吃完以后千万别吓唬它,真吐了惹不起; 7. 个人推荐喂鸡胸肉,真的比饲料和锦鲤好很多,不混水,没寄生虫,还是经过检疫的,蛋白质更丰富。 五、混养建议: 观赏鱼缸内也是小生态,大鱼吃小鱼是不变的定律,肉食性鱼类就是生长竞赛,和汗鲨还有招财猫这种鱼混养时,要注意体型,不能小鱼他们嘴的宽度。否则很容易就被合体了,比较容易被忽略的鱼和必须要注意的是清道夫,很容易被吞而且还咽不下去,即便咽下去了也可能受内伤,所以特别注意一下尺寸。 【另外友情提醒】:目前,因为一些原因,这种国内根本没有野生个体的鱼,并且每个鱼市都热销的观赏鱼,被国家定为了一级保护野生动物,所以购买和饲养都是被法律禁止的。 【楼下补充汗鲨相关的专业知识文档。】
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