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我跪求大家帮帮忙啊~急啊~谢谢啊~翻译下啊~ 1. What kind of stocks would you issue for a startup? A startup typically has more risk than a well-established firm. The kind of stocks that one would issue for a startup would be those that protect the downside of equity holders while giving them upside. Hence the stock issued may be a combination of common stock, preferred stock and debt notes with warrants (options to buy stock). 2. When should a company buy back stock? When it believes the stock is undervalued and believes it can make money by investing in itself. This can happen in a variety of situations. For example, if a company has suffered some decreased earnings because of an inherently cyclical industry (such as the semiconductor industry), and believes its stock price is unjustifiably low, it will buy back its own stock. On other occasions, a company will buy back its stock if investors are driving down the price precipitously. In this situation, the company is attempting to send a signal to the market that it is optimistic that its falling stock price is not justified. It's saying: "We know more than anyone else about our company. We are buying our stock back. Do you really think our stock price should be this low?" 3. Is the dividend paid on common stock taxable to shareholders? Preferred stock? Is it tax deductible for the company? The dividend paid on common stock is taxable on two levels in the U.S. First at the firm level, as a dividend comes out from the net income after taxes (i.e., the money has been taxed once already) and then at the shareholder level. The shareholders are taxed for the dividend as ordinary income (O.I.). Dividend for preferred stock is treated as an interest expense and is tax-free at the corporate level.
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